Inflammatory Response

Question 1

What are the innate non-specific defences?

Answer 1

Structural barriers
White blood cells
Antimicrobial proteins
Inflammatory response

Question 2

What are the cells of the non-specific response?

Answer 2

Phagocytic cells

Non-phagocytic cells

Question 3

What are the characteristics of a non-specific response?

Answer 3

Innate
Against anything foreign
Always the same

Question 4

What are two examples of non-specific responses?

Answer 4

Inflammatory response

Acute phase response

Question 5

What is the inflammatory response?

Answer 5

The normal response to tissue injury with various types of inflammation

Question 6

What are the signs of acute inflammation?

Answer 6

Redness
Heat
Pain
Swelling

Question 7

What does acute inflammation involve?

Answer 7

Dilation of small blood vessels
Increased blood flow
Increased permeability
Cell recruitment & migration

Question 8

What cells are involved in chronic inflammation?

Answer 8

Macrophages

Lymphocytes

Question 9

What are the mediators of the inflammatory response?

Answer 9

Vasoactive amines
Arachadonic acid metabolites
Complement and other systems
Cytokines

Question 10

What is the complement system?

Answer 10

A series of proteins in plasma that can be activated by antibodies or bacterial components

Question 11

What are the products of the complement system?

Answer 11

Opsonins
Anaphylatoxins
Chemotactic factors
Attack complexes

Question 12

What are the functions of cytokines?

Answer 12

Chemotaxis

Cellular proliferation, differentiation & activation

Question 13

What are the 5 stages of cell recruitment and migration?

Answer 13

Margination
Adhesion
Migration
Chemotaxis
Phagocytosis

Question 14

What is the acute phase response?

Answer 14

A whole body response to infection that occurs within minutes

Question 15

What does the acute phase response lead to?

Answer 15

Increased number of blood neutrophils

Increased production of acute phase proteins

Question 16

What is an immunogen?

Answer 16

Something that stimulates a specific immune response

Question 17

What is an epitope?

Answer 17

The part of an immunogen recognised by a small lymphocyte; to which an antibody binds

Question 18

What are the two lymphocytes?

Answer 18

B and T lymphocytes

Question 19

What is clonal selection and expansion?

Answer 19

When a small lymphocyte binds to an epitope and proliferate and differentiate

Question 20

What are antibodies?

Answer 20

They are specific to each epitope and bind to them to stimulate removal of immunogens

Question 21

What is self non-self discrimination?

Answer 21

Deletion of lymphocytes that have receptors that can specifically bind to ‘self’ epitopes

Question 22

What is immune tolerance?

Answer 22

A state of unresponsiveness of the immune system to substances/tissue that have the capacity to elicit an immune response

Question 23

What are two examples of specific immune responses?

Answer 23

Humoral immunity

Cell-mediated immunity

Question 24

What are the two sets of helper T lymphocytes?

Answer 24

Th1 that supports cell mediated immunity

Th2 that supports humoral immunity

Question 25

What is an antigen?

Answer 25

Combines with the products of an immune response

Question 26

How can the complement system be activated?

Answer 26

Classical pathway

Alternate pathway

Question 27

What happens when a small lymphocyte binds to an epitope?

Answer 27

The cell undergoes clonal expansion