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Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Another name for vitamin e

A

Tocopherol

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2
Q

Another name for vitamin k

A

Phylloquinone

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3
Q

Another name for vitamin b1

A

Thiamine

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4
Q

Another name for vitamin b2

A

Riboflavin

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5
Q

Another name for vitamin b3

A

Niacin

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6
Q

Another name for vitamin b5

A

Pantothenic acid

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7
Q

Another name for vitamin b6

A

Pyridoxine

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8
Q

Another name for vitamin b9

A

Folate

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9
Q

Another name for vitamin b12

A

Cyanocobalamin

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10
Q

Another name for vitamin c

A

Ascorbic acid

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11
Q

How does deficiency of retinol present

A

Blindness

  • nyctalopia (night blindness)
  • xerophthalmia (dry eyes)
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12
Q

How does toxicity of retinol present

A

Pseudotumor cerebri

May be presented as a teenager on isotretinoin as this is an analog of vit a

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13
Q

How does folate (b9) deficiency present

A

Large tongue and macrocytic anemia

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14
Q

How does cyanocobalamin (b12) deficiency present

A

Macrocytic anemia. Bowel disease leading to pernicious anemia

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15
Q

How does ascorbic acid (vit c) deficiency present

A

Leg tenderness, poor wound healing, scurvy, bleeding gums

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16
Q

How does ascorbic acid toxicity present

A

Oxalate and cysteine nephrocalcinosis

Hemolytic crisis in pts with G6PD

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17
Q

How does vitamin e (tocopherol) deficiency present

A

Neuropathies, peripheral edema, thrombocytosis, muscle weakness

In premies can cause hemolytic anemia and cause neurological effects in older children

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18
Q

How does phylloquinone (vit k) deficiency present

A

Hemorrhagic disease of newborn

If baby is bleeding give vit k and fresh frozen plasma

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19
Q

What are the vit k dependent factors

A

2,7,9,10

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20
Q

Vitamin d2

A

Ergocalciferol

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21
Q

Vitamin d3

A

Cholecalciferol

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22
Q

25 hydroxy d

23
Q

1,25 hydroxy d

A

Calcitriol

24
Q

How does vit d toxicity present

A

Polyuria, polydipsia, elevated BUN, nephrolithiasis and could lead to renal failure

25
How do you calculate caloric requirement
For the first 10kg - 100 kcal/kg Next 10kg - 50 kcal/kg Additional Kilos - 20 kcal/kg
26
What is the protein requirement for a preterm vs a term infant
Preterm - 3.5 g/kg per day Term - 2 to 2.5 g/kg per day for the first 6 months
27
What's an essential fatty acid
Linoleic acid
28
What is the recommended concentration of iron in iron fortified formula
12mg/L
29
How does deficiency of essential fatty acids present
Scaly dermatitis, alopecia, thrombocytopenia To IV lipids (linoleic acid)
30
How does zinc deficiency present
Dermatitis with alopecia (acrodermatitis enteropathica) Extensive eczematous eruption may be seen around the mouth and perianal area Child with be growing poorly Autosomal recessive
31
How does Cooper deficiency present
Twisted hairs (menkes kinky hair syndrome) Low serum copper and ceruloplasmin Tissue Cooper level is high X linked
32
Why is cow milk not given before 1 yr
Has higher phosphorus and kidney unable to metabolize it causing hypocalcemia due to the high phosphorus
33
When is breastfeeding contraindicated
Bad breast B - bad bugs (CMV, HIV, TB) A - ntithyroid meds D- isease (sexually HSV on breast) B- bad bugs R - adioactive meds and chemo (technitium 99 only need to stop for 1-2 days) E - rrors of metabolism (galactosemia, PKU, urea cycle defects) A - ntibiotic and anti seizure meds (metronidazole and diazepam) S - ulfonamides T - etracycline
34
How do protein concentration vary among breast milk, formula and cow milk
Breast milk 0.9 g/ dL Formula 1.4 g/ dL Cow milk 3.5
35
Whey: casein ratio for breast milk
70% whey | 20% casein
36
Which has a higher amt of minerals breast milk or formula
Formula has higher calcium, phosphorus and iron
37
Which has better iron absorption breast milk or formula
Breast milk
38
What is the caloric requirement and expected weight gain for a premie
15-20 g/day 120 kcal/kg/day
39
What does premie formula contain
``` Whey/casein 60/40 Glucose polymers better absorbed than lactose Has medium chain triglycerides Higher calcium and phosphorus 24kcal/oz ```
40
What is the chance of a child who is obese at 6 and 12 yrs of age of being obese as an adult
25% and 75%
41
What are health risks of obesity
Depression, avascular necrosis of the hip, diabetes, hypertension, cardiac disease and osteoarthritis
42
What are kids that drink a lot of diet soda and have been on steroid at risk for
Osteopenia due to high phosphorus. They should be on vit d and calcium supplements
43
What nutritional deficiency are kids in goat milk at risk for
Folate
44
Vegan babies that are not breast feed should be on what formula
Iron fortified soy
45
How does kwashiorkor present
Protein deficiency "Pot belly" Putting edema, thin frail hair, pallor, thin appearance
46
How does marasmus present
General nutritional deficiency Muscle wasting without edema, underweight, normal hair
47
What is the most COMMON complication of NG feeds
Diarrhea
48
What is the most SEVERE complication of NG feeds
Vomiting with aspiration
49
When are continuous feeds better
Infants with GE reflux, Crohn's disease, malabsorption syndrome, congestive heart disease
50
What nutritional considerations should you have for kids with liver disease
Decrease delivery of bile acids resulting in malabsorption of fat soluble vitamins
51
What nutritional considerations should you have for kids with renal disease
70 percent of calories should come from carbohydrates and less than 20 percent from lipids Protein intake 0.5-2 g/kg/day Low phosphorus formula
52
What vitamins are essential for wound healing
C, A, zinc and iron
53
What nutritional considerations should there be for burn kids
High carbohydrate diet | Increase amt of calcium and magnesium

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