Heent Flashcards
What is a flat or low amplitude line on tympanogram associated with
Stiff membrane, middle ear fluid, obstructed tympanostomy tube
What is a high line on tympanogram associated with
Hypermobile TM
What does high volume (area under the graph) on a tympanogram represent
Perforated TM
What is the most common organism associated with chronic suppurative otitis media
Pseudomonas
What can be a complication of tympanostomy tubes
Tympanostomy tube granulomas which presents as bloody otorrhea and a large erythematous mass in a pt with PE tubes
How can you prevent swimmers ear
Acidifying the ear canal with boric acid or acetic acid solution before and after swimming
Bacteria commonly causing mastoiditis
Strep pneumonia, non typeable h flu, strep pyogenes and staph aureus
Nasal congestion in an adolescent you would want to r/o what
Cocaine use
What is charge syndrome
Coloboma Heart defect Atresia choanae Retardation of growth and development Genitourinary problems Ear anomalies
Which sinuses develop at birth
Maxillary and ethmoid
Which sinuses develop at 5-6 yrs of age
Frontal and sphenoid
What are the predisposing factors for chronic sinusitis
Allergy, exposure to tobacco, recurrent viral uri, ger, anatomic abnormalities, immune deficiency, primary ciliary dyskinesia and cystic fibrosis
Orbital sinusitis can result from infection of which sinus
Ethmoid
What’s the next step in a patient with worsening epistaxis
CT to rule out a posterior nasopharyngeal mass such as a nasopharyngeal angiofibroma
What are the common causes of delayed tooth eruption
Hypothyroidism Hypopituitarism Hypoplasia (ectodermal) Hypohidrosis Rickets
Important facts about cleft lip
More common in males
2/3 have associated cleft palate
Repair around 10 wks of age
Important facts about cleft palate alone
More common in females
Highest risk of being associated with a syndrome
Repair between 9-12 months of age and usually include PET placement
Syndromes associated with clefts
Pierre robin
Crouzon syndrome
Apert
Treacher Collins syndrome
What can a bifid uvula be associated with
Submucous cleft palate
Velopharyngeal insufficiency
Middle ear effusion
What can stridor in a neonate represent
Choanal atresia, laryngeal web/stenosis, vascular ring or vocal cord paralysis
Stridor in 4-6 wks
Laryngomalacia or tracheomalacia
Stridor in 1-4 yrs of age
Croup, epiglottitis, foreign body
Stridor >5 yrs
Vocal cord dysfunction, peritonsillar abscess, anaphylaxis
How does vocal cord paralysis show on spirometer
Blunted inspiratory loop
