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laughing your way peds > Heent > Flashcards

Heent Flashcards

1
Q

What is a flat or low amplitude line on tympanogram associated with

A

Stiff membrane, middle ear fluid, obstructed tympanostomy tube

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2
Q

What is a high line on tympanogram associated with

A

Hypermobile TM

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3
Q

What does high volume (area under the graph) on a tympanogram represent

A

Perforated TM

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4
Q

What is the most common organism associated with chronic suppurative otitis media

A

Pseudomonas

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5
Q

What can be a complication of tympanostomy tubes

A

Tympanostomy tube granulomas which presents as bloody otorrhea and a large erythematous mass in a pt with PE tubes

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6
Q

How can you prevent swimmers ear

A

Acidifying the ear canal with boric acid or acetic acid solution before and after swimming

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7
Q

Bacteria commonly causing mastoiditis

A

Strep pneumonia, non typeable h flu, strep pyogenes and staph aureus

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8
Q

Nasal congestion in an adolescent you would want to r/o what

A

Cocaine use

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9
Q

What is charge syndrome

A 
Coloboma
Heart defect
Atresia choanae
Retardation of growth and development 
Genitourinary problems
Ear anomalies
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10
Q

Which sinuses develop at birth

A

Maxillary and ethmoid

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11
Q

Which sinuses develop at 5-6 yrs of age

A

Frontal and sphenoid

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12
Q

What are the predisposing factors for chronic sinusitis

A

Allergy, exposure to tobacco, recurrent viral uri, ger, anatomic abnormalities, immune deficiency, primary ciliary dyskinesia and cystic fibrosis

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13
Q

Orbital sinusitis can result from infection of which sinus

A

Ethmoid

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14
Q

What’s the next step in a patient with worsening epistaxis

A

CT to rule out a posterior nasopharyngeal mass such as a nasopharyngeal angiofibroma

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15
Q

What are the common causes of delayed tooth eruption

A 
Hypothyroidism 
Hypopituitarism
Hypoplasia (ectodermal)
Hypohidrosis
Rickets
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16
Q

Important facts about cleft lip

A

More common in males
2/3 have associated cleft palate
Repair around 10 wks of age

17
Q

Important facts about cleft palate alone

A

More common in females
Highest risk of being associated with a syndrome
Repair between 9-12 months of age and usually include PET placement

18
Q

Syndromes associated with clefts

A

Pierre robin
Crouzon syndrome
Apert
Treacher Collins syndrome

19
Q

What can a bifid uvula be associated with

A

Submucous cleft palate
Velopharyngeal insufficiency
Middle ear effusion

20
Q

What can stridor in a neonate represent

A

Choanal atresia, laryngeal web/stenosis, vascular ring or vocal cord paralysis

21
Q

Stridor in 4-6 wks

A

Laryngomalacia or tracheomalacia

22
Q

Stridor in 1-4 yrs of age

A

Croup, epiglottitis, foreign body

23
Q

Stridor >5 yrs

A

Vocal cord dysfunction, peritonsillar abscess, anaphylaxis

24
Q

How does vocal cord paralysis show on spirometer

A

Blunted inspiratory loop

25
Q

What causes expiratory stridor

A

Lesions below the thoracic inlet

Tracheomalacia, bronchomalacia
Vascular rings

26
Q

What can present with biphasic stridor

A

Congenital and acquired subglottic stenosis or critical obstruction

Tracheomalacia if obstruction is high

Epiglottitis

27
Q

How do you assess subglottic stenosis

A

Direct laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy

28
Q

How do you assess vocal cord dysfunction

A

Flexible nasolaryngealgoscopy or direct laryngoscopy AND CXR, barium swallow

29
Q

How do you assess for vascular ring

A

Barium swallow

30
Q

How does bacterial tracheitis present

A

Several days into a bout with viral croup

Toxic appearing

Thick, purulento secretions

Subglottic narrowing

31
Q

What’s a type A tympanogram

A

Normal

32
Q

Type B tympanogram low and high volume

A

High volume =perforation or PET

Low volume = otitis media with effusion

33
Q

Type C tympanogram

A

Negative pressure as with retracted membrane

laughing your way peds (26 decks)

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