AI Flashcards
Clinical description for intermittent asthma
2 or less days a week
Zero night time
Tx of intermittent asthma
Albuterol prn
Classification for mild persistent asthma
More than 2 days a week
Night time 1-2 a month
Tx of mild persistent asthma
Low dose inhaled steroids + albuterol prn
Classification of moderate persistent asthma
Every day
Night time 3-4 per month
Tx for moderate persistent asthma
Low medium dose inhaled steroid and long acting bronchodilator or monteleukast.
Classification of severe persistent asthma
Daily symptoms
Night time > 1/wk
Tx for severe persistent asthma
High dose inhailed steroid + long acting bronchodilator or monteleukast
Signs of hypercapnia in an asthmatic patient
Agitation, flushing, mental status change, headache, tachycardia
Risk factors for hospitalization for asthma
Chronic steroid use
Hospitalization within past year
Low socioeconomic status/low educational level
Previous life threatening episode
Risk factors for asthma persisting into adulthood
Onset before 3 years of age
IgE elevation
Maternal hx of asthma
Eosinophilia
What are the types of hypersensitivity reactions
Type I - igE mediated, anaphylactic
Type II - mediated by antibodies
Type III - immune complex
Type IV - delayed hypersensitivity
What is perennial allergic rhinitis d
Due to exposure to indoor allergens such as dust mites, animal dander
Which fruits should someone with latex allergy avoid (7)
Avocado, banana, chestnut, fig. kiwi, peach, tomato
By what age is milk, egg and soy allergy outgrown?
5
Signs of an anaphylactic reaction
Respiratory distress, urticaria, general discomfort
How long must urticaria last to be considered chronic?
> 6 wks
What is the most likely cause of chronic urticaria
Food
What is pretreatment with prednisone and Benadryl indicates prior to contrast media?
With a hx of adverse reaction to radiocontrast media
What are sings of systemic reactions to stings
Hypotension, wheezing and laryngeal edema
You have a child with a systemic reaction to bee stings. What’s is the next step?
Allergy referral and epipen
How does parental hx affect allergic components
- 1 parent
- both parents
- 1 sibling
- 50 percent risk
- 70 percent risk for atopic disease
- 20-35 percent risk
Buzz words for ataxia telangiectasia
Ataxia, discoloration of conjunctivae, frequent sinus infections, developmental regression
A deletion in the long arm of chromosome 22 is what disorder
DiGeorge
What is the presentation if DiGeorge syndrome
CATCH-22
Cardiac, abnormal facies (low set ears), thymic hypoplasia, cleft palate, hypocalcemia (tetany)
- no parathyroid
What causes SCID
Complete absence of b and T cells
Buzz words for SCID
Failure to thrive
Chronic diarrhea
Recurrent opportunistic infection including thrush
Presents within the first 3 months of life
How do you SCREEN for SCID
CBC may have a low WBC
No matter the white count there will be a complete absence of T cell function (a low lymphocyte count would correlate with T cell dysfunction)
A normal lymphocyte count does not rule out SCID
Treatment for SCID
Initially supportive. Bone marrow transplant is curative.