Nutrition Flashcards
1
Q
What is nutrition
A
INTAKE leads to tissue GROWTH and ENERGY
2
Q
What is malnutrition
A
Imbalance between INTAKE and what your body NEEDS
3
Q
What is metabolism
A
The process of CHANGING nutrients into END products for nutrition
4
Q
What is the basal meabolic rate (BMR)
A
MIN amount of energy our bodies need
5
Q
What is anabolism
A
CREATING
6
Q
What is catabolism
A
Breaking DOWN
7
Q
What are the 4 macronutrients
A
Carbs, fats, protein, water
8
Q
What are micronutrients
A
Vitamins and minerals
9
Q
What is a kilocalorie (kcal)
A
Interchangable with 1 carolire
10
Q
How many calories in one gram of carb
A
4
11
Q
What is the recommended intake for carbs
A
45-65%
12
Q
What are sugars starches and fiber
A
carbs
13
Q
What is the body’s preferred energy source
A
carbs
14
Q
What body parts loves carbs
A
Brain
15
Q
What are simple sugars
A
fructose, surcose, lactose, and glucose
16
Q
What is sugar in fruit
A
fructose
17
Q
What is table sugar
A
sucrose
18
Q
What is the sugar in milk
A
lactose
19
Q
What is the sugar in blood
A
glucose
20
Q
What are complex carbs
A
starches, fiver, glycogen
21
Q
What do legumes, bread, rice, pasta, and starchy veggies contain
A
complex carbs
22
Q
What do you do to prevent ketosis
A
Make sure you eat enough carbs
23
Q
What is ketosis
A
The body breaks down protein for energy
24
Q
What is the recommended amount of fiber intake
A
20-35 grams
25
What type of fiber is in wheat, whole grains, or spinach
Insoluble
26
What do insoluble fibers so
Reduces constipation, hemorrhoids, and diverticular disease, DONT' break down
27
What is diverticular disease
When there are pockets in your colon
28
What type of fiber are oats, fruits, legumes, and matamucil
soluble
29
What do soluble fibers do
SLOW digestion, healthy 'HEART, lowers CHOLESTEROL, maintains blood SUGAR
30
What can happen with a lack of fiber
Constipation, hemorrhoids, formation of diverticula
31
Do you want to balance soluble and insoluble fibers
Yes
32
How many calories are in one gram of fat
9
33
What is the recommened intake of fat
20-35%
34
What are the functions of fat
ENERGY, INSULATION, NERVE fibers, FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS
35
What affects cholestrol
Saturated and trans fats
36
What do red meats and fried foods contain
saturated and trans fat
37
What type of fat do you want to limit
saturated and trans fat
38
What type of fats are in olive oil and avocados
monounsaturated
39
What are the essential FAs
Omega 3 and 6
40
What do essential FAs do
BRAIN and blood CLOTTING
41
What do omega 3s do
Reduce risk of HEART disease, BRAIN developkent in children
42
What does salmon and tuna contain
omega 3
43
What type of fish oil do you want to give
Burpless
44
How many calories are in one gram of protein
4
45
What is the recommened intake of protein
15-20%
46
What is the role of protein
MAINTENANCE, REPAIR, HEMOGLOBIN, PROTHTROMBIN
47
What does hemoglobin do
The protein in RBCs that transposrt O2
48
What does prothrombin do
CLOTTING
49
What are amino acids
Building blocks of proteins, MUST be consumed
50
What are complete proteins
Contain all essential amino acids
51
What type of protein is in beans, peas, nuts, seeds, meat, fish, soybeans, veggies, and grains
incomplete
52
What are incomplete proteins
Lack one or more essential amino acids
53
What type of protein is in milk, cheese, eggs, fish meat, soybeans
Essential amino acids
54
What is essential for body functioning
Water
55
What are th functions of water
control body TEMP, ACID-BASE balance, BALANCE, TRANSPORTs waste
56
What % is water of the body weight
60%
57
What are the signs of dehydratino
headach, loss of concentration
58
Why are older adults at risk for dehydration
decreased thirst mechanism
59
What can happen with excess water intake
hyponatremia
60
What are the fat soluble vitamins
ADEK
61
Where are fat soluble vitamins stored
Liver, not excreted by kidneys
62
What does vitamin A do
NIGHT vision, maintains EPITHELIAL tissue function
63
What does vitamin D do
BONE health with calcium
64
What does vitamin E do
Antioxidant
65
What does vitamin K do
CLOTTING
66
What vitamin is in dark leafy greens and broccoli
K
67
What vitamins are in nuts and seeds, fruits, and veggies
E
68
What vitamins are in liver, egg yolds, dark leafy greens
A
69
What vitamins are in dairy, salmon and eggs
D
70
what does coumadin do to vitamin k
reduces clotting
71
What are the two types of vitamins
Water and fat souluble
72
Are water soluble vitamins stored in the body
No, excreted in urine
73
What are the water soluble vitamins
C, B
74
What does vitamin C do
Promoting HEALTH and COLLAGEN synthesis
75
How many vitmain B's are there
8
76
What is folic acid
Vitamin B9
77
What does folic acid do
Prevents ANEMIA, important for PREGNANT women to decrease the risk of neural tube DEFECTS
78
What vitamins do citrus, broccoli, and potatoes contain
Vitamin C
79
What viatmins do dark leafy greens, and fortified grains contain
Folic acid
80
What does B12 need to be absorbed
Intrinsic factor
81
What are minerals
MICROnutrients needed for ENERGY, MUSCLE building, NEREVE conduction, blood CLOTTING, and IMMUNITY
82
What do antioxidants do
PROTECT from free redicals, improve IMMUNE function
83
What are free radicals
Byporducts from oxidize cells
84
What do fruits and veggies contain
Antioxidants
85
What is digestion
Process of breaking down food into nutrients
86
What does the mouth do
Releases amylase
87
What does the esophagus do
peristalsis to stomach
88
What does the stomach do
Release PEPSIN, produces IF, creates CHYME
89
What does the liver do
BILE production
90
What does the gallbladder so
STORE BILE then release in small intestin
91
Why do pepole without gullbladders have pain when they eat fatty foods
No stored bile which breaks down fats
92
What does the pancreas do
Secretes digestive enzymes
93
What does the small intension do
DIGEST, ABSORB, LUBRICATE
94
What does the large intestine do
Absorb WATER, forms FECESW
95
What does the rectum do
hold/expell feces
96
What is the current dietary guidelines for Americans from 2011
MyPlate
97
What are pregnate people at risk for
iron deficiency anemia
98
How low should mothers exclusivly breastfeed
6 months- one year
99
What are the benefits for the mom when she benefits
Lower risk of DM, HEART disease, and breast CANCER
100
What are the benefits for baby when breast feed
lower risk of INFECTIONS, OBESITY, DM
101
Does pregnacy increase caloric intake
yes
102
What does breastfeeding increase caloric needs
500
103
What can vitamin D deficiency lead to
Ostromalacia/riskets, ostropenia/osteoporosis
104
What is osteomalacia/rickets
SOFTEN of bones
105
What is osteopenia/osteoporosis
LOSS of bone MASS
106
What are the alterations to a persons nervous system with poor nutition
Decreased ALTERN?ESS,SLOWER solving, SLOWER muscle response time
107
What can a folate deficiency lead to
Depression, confusion, DECREASED nerve function
108
What can a B12 deficiency lead to
NUMBNESS, dizziness, balance issues
109
What can high sodium, fat, and cholesterol intake increase
Chances of atherosclerotic heart disease and stroke
110
What is dysphagia
Difficulty swallowing from neurological disorders
111
What can aspiration lead to
pneumonia
112
What can dysphagia lead to
high risk for aspiration
113
If your patient has coughing, wheezing, dyspnea, bradycardia, and hypotension what should you susecpt
Aspiration
114
How can nurses prevent aspiration
Follow dietary ORDERS, elevate HOB to at least 45 degrees for at least 45 MINS AFTER MEAL
115
If an aspiration risk pt is not eat what should their HOB be at
30 degrees
116
What can inadequate absorption of nutrients in the intestines lead to
WEIGHT LOSS, FATIGUE, SCURVEY (vit C, bleeding gums), ANEMIA, poor WOUND healing, neural tube DEFECTS
117
