MS & Mobility Flashcards
1
Q
What is the locomotor system
A
Musculoskeletal systen
2
Q
What are the functions of the musculoskeletal system
A
FRAMEWORK, PROTECTION, PHYSIOLOGICAL, VITAMINS, HEMATOPOIESIS
3
Q
What is hematopoiesis
A
The process through which our body manufactures blood cells
4
Q
What are the three types of joints
A
Fibrous, carilaginous, synovial
5
Q
What are fibrous joints
A
Do not move
6
Q
What type of inmoveable joint are the sutures in the skull
A
Fibrous joints
7
Q
What are carilaginous joints
A
Slightly moveable
8
Q
What type of slighthly moveable joints are the pelvic bones
A
Carilaginous
9
Q
What are synovial joints
A
Freely moveable, has synovial MEMBRANE
10
Q
What type of freely moveable joints are the shoulders and hips
A
Synovial joints
11
Q
What type of joints are synchondrosis and symphysis joints
A
Carilaginous
12
Q
What type of joints are hinge, pivot, plane, clann and socket, condyloid, and saddle joints
A
Synovial joints
13
Q
What type of joints are suture, gomphosis, and synesmosis joints
A
Fibrous joints
14
Q
What are skeletal muscles
A
Composed of muscle FIBERS that attatch to BONE and are arranged PARALLEL to the long side of the bone
15
Q
What is the thing called that connects bone to bone
A
ligament
16
Q
What is the thing called that connects bone to muscle
A
Tendons
17
Q
What is subjective data
A
What the patient says
18
Q
What are some things you should ask your pt about
A
ALLERGIES, MEDS, SURGICAL history, FAMILY history, CHRONIC ILLNESS/DISABLITIES (ADLs)
19
Q
How do you tell the difference between muscle and bone pain
A
Bone: specific spot, deep achy
Muscle: Generalizied
20
Q
What is the injurgy called that involves tendons
A
Strain
21
Q
What is the injury called that involves ligaments
A
Sprain
22
Q
What should you expect if your pt complains of intense, sharp, continuous pain
A
Strain
23
Q
What should you expect if your pt complains of dull, deep, achey pain that gets better with rest
A
Sprain
24
Q
What are some age specific questions related to children
A
Broken BONE, ABNORMALITIES, DIFFICULTIES, DEVELOPING appropretly
25
What are some age specific questions to ask related to older peopl
Assistive DEVICES, FALLEN, MOBILITY, ADLs
26
What are thin women aged over 50 at risk for
Osteoporosis
27
What disease could happen with these lifestyle risks: smoking, alcohol, inadequate CALCIUM, vit D, ESTROGEN deficiency
Osteoporosis
28
What age does osteoporosis get screened for
65
29
What is objective data
What you observe
30
What is rule #1 to examiniation
Do everything BILATERALLY at the same time COMPARING side to side
31
What order should you go in for assessments
Inspection, palpation, ROM and muscle strength
32
What are you looking for in inspection (5)
size, color, swelling, deformities, masses (DCAP BTLS)
33
What are you feeling for in palpation (4)
warmth, swelling, tanderness, massess
34
What are you looking for in ROM and muscle strength (2)
Active or passive ROM, muscle strength 0-5
35
What is gait
The way someone walks
36
How wuold you describe this gait: walking steady with an opposing arm swing; spine straight
Normal
37
What type of gait would you see with parkinson's disease
Abnormal shuffle
38
What are you inspecting for in joints
Color, swelling, deformities, masses
39
What is important when assessing skin color
Appropriate to ethnicity
40
What do you use to feel for temp
The dorsum (back) of hand
41
What is crepitus
A grating SOUND or FEEL produced by friction between bone and cartilage (Rice krispies)
42
How do you assess for crepitus
Move the joint
43
What is active ROM
pt is actively paricipating without assistance
44
What is passive ROM
pt needs assistance with the movement
45
If you are testing ROM what should you do if the pt says it hurts
STOP immediatly
46
What muscle strength is Full ROM against gravity with some resistance
4
47
What muscle strength is with no contraction
0
48
What muscle strength is Full ROM with gravity eliminated (passive motion)
2
49
What muscle strength is Full ROM with gravity with no resistance
3
50
What muscle strength is Full ROM against gravity with full resistance
5
51
What muscle strength is with slight contraction
1
52
What are some abnormalities related to adolescence
Kyphosis and scoliosis
53
What is kyphosis
Hunch back from bad posture
54
What abnormalities can happen to pregnat women
Progressive lordosis
55
What is progressive lordosis
forward curve of the lower back (Oh LORD I'm pregnant)
56
What are some abnormalities related to older people
Kyphosis, osteoporosis, reduced muscle mass, more limiations to ADLs
57
What is osteoporosis
Loss of bone density and decreased bone formation
58
What is osteoporosis considered
A silent disease, happens without signs or symptoms
59
What hsould you susepct with a person who has kyphosis, loss of height, and has spontaneous fractures
Osteoporosis
60
What is rheumatoid arthritis
CHRONIC, SYSTEMIC AUTOIMMUNE disease, INFLAMATION of JOINTS
61
What should you suspect with a pt that has bilateral pain, edema, and stiddness in their joints, with a low grade fever and ulnar deviation
Rheumatoid arthritis
62
What is osteoarthritis
Progressive BREAKDOWN and LOSS of CARTILAGE in joints
63
What hsould you expect if your pt has unilateral or bilateral edema diffuse pain during movement or heberden or bouchard nodes
Osteoarthritis
64
What is the high node in osteoarthritis called
Heberden
65
What is the low node in osteoarthritis called
Bouchard
66
What should we tell our pt to educate them on musculoskeletal system health
DIET, cupportive SHOES, WARM up before exercise, PREVENTION
67
What are these foods rich in: Cheese, yogurt, milk, broccoli, kale, and legumes
Calcium
68
What are these foods rich in: egg yolds, salmon, tuna
Vitamin D
69
What is mobility
FREEDOM and INDEPENDENCE and selk AWARNESS
70
What is immobility
INABLITLIY to move freely and independently
71
Does risk of complications increase with the degree and time of immobilization
Yes
72
What are the four ways to describe immobility
temporary/permanent and sudden/slow onset
73
What is an example of a temporary immobility
Kness replacement
74
What is an example of a permanant immobility
Paraplegia
75
What is an example of a sudden onset immobility
Fracture from MVA
76
What is an example of a slow onset immobility
Multiple sclerosis
77
What can happen if you get inadequate intake of dietary calcium and vitamin D
Increased bone FRAGILITY and may lead to FRACTURES
78
What can a decrease in bone density lead to
Oestoporisis
79
What is muscle atrophy
When you don't use your muscles you can loss 3% of muscle mass withing a day
80
What can decreased stability lead to
Falls
81
What are contractures
foot drop and hand contractures
82
What is the key to interventions for the MS system
Early ambulation TID
83
What should you do if your pt is on strict bedrest
Passive ROM
84
What can help with proper body alignment
Positing devices
85
What must you do when moving pts with spinal cord injuries
logroll, moving the body as a whole unit
86
What are the effects of immobility on the nervous system
EQUILIBRIUM will be off, GAIT will be unsteady, altered SENSORY perception
87
What are the effects of immobility on the cardiopulmonary system
Decreased EXCHANGE, ATELEXTASIS, orthostatic HYPOTENSION, increase in THROMBUS
88
What is atelectasis
Colapse of lung when laying down
89
What is a thrombus
Clot in the vein
90
What is an embolism
Clot moving through the system
91
Are embolisms an emergency
Yes
92
What is the morse fall wisk assessment toll
Assesses the risk with six catagories: history of FALLING, secondary DIAGNOSIS, ambulatory AID, IV, GAIT, MENTAL status
93
What is a 0-24 on the morse fall risk assessment
No risk
94
What is a 46+ on the morse fall risk assessment
High risk
95
What is a 25-45 on the morse fall risk assessment
Moderate risk
96
What does a higher score on the morse fall risk scale mean
Greater risk
97
When should a fall risk assessment be done
At the beginning of every shift
98
What are some interventions you can do for the nerous system and cardiopulmonary system relating to the MS system
Raise the head of the bed, TCDB, incentive spirometers, TED hose and SCDs
99
Why do you want to raise the bed for the cardiopulmonary system
Promote lung expansion
100
What does TCDB stand for
Turn, cough, deep breathe
101
What can you use to help your pt take deep slow breathes
Incentive spirometer: breathe in, hold it
102
What do TED hose and SCDs do
Prevent blood clots in the lower extremities
103
What are TED hose
Elastic stocking
104
What are sequential compression devices (SCDs)
A device that intermittently inflates and deflates, hospital pts, good at PREVENTING DVTs
105
Should you use SCDs on pts that have active DVT
NO
106
What are the effects of immoniliy on the integumentary system
Increased PRESSURE increases risk for skin BREAKDOWN, decreased CIRCULATION which can lead to ISCHEMIA which can lead to PRESSURE INJURIES
107
What are the areas of risk for pressure injuries
butt, coccyx, heels, hips, shoulders, elbows, ears
108
How long should you limit chair sitting to
1 hourWha
109
What are some corrective devices to use for positioning
Waffle mattress, waffle boots, trochanter rolls, wedge pillos
110
How often should you turn your pts
Every 2 hours
111
What are the effects of immonility on nutrition
Break down MUSCLE, ANOREXIA and NAUSEA
112
What are the effects of immobility on elimination
Decreased PERISTALISIS, CONSTAPATION, UTIs
113
What does pepermint oil help with
Dialiating vessels to poop
114
How many liters should you drink in a day
2
115
What can youdo to help nutrition and elimination
LEAN proteins, SMALLER more FREQUENT meals, EARLY ambulation
116
What does heat therapy do
Increases blood VLOW, METABOLISM, RELAXES muscles, eases JOINT stiffness and pain
117
What does cold therapy do
Decreases INFLAMMATION, BLEEDING, PAIN, diminishes mucles SPASMS
118
What type of heat applications are warm compress or warm baths
moist
119
What type of heat applications are hot packs, and warming blankets
dry
120
What type of cold application types are cold water compresses and cold soaks
moist
121
What type of cold application types are ice bags, ice collars, cold pack, or cooling blanket
dry
122
Are cooling blankets the 1st choice
No
123
How often does ATI say you should check heat or cold therapies
5-10 mins
124
When should you remove cold or heat therapies
15-30 mins
