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Nursing Essentials > MS & Mobility > Flashcards

MS & Mobility Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the locomotor system

A

Musculoskeletal systen

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2
Q

What are the functions of the musculoskeletal system

A

FRAMEWORK, PROTECTION, PHYSIOLOGICAL, VITAMINS, HEMATOPOIESIS

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3
Q

What is hematopoiesis

A

The process through which our body manufactures blood cells

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4
Q

What are the three types of joints

A

Fibrous, carilaginous, synovial

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5
Q

What are fibrous joints

A

Do not move

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6
Q

What type of inmoveable joint are the sutures in the skull

A

Fibrous joints

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7
Q

What are carilaginous joints

A

Slightly moveable

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8
Q

What type of slighthly moveable joints are the pelvic bones

A

Carilaginous

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9
Q

What are synovial joints

A

Freely moveable, has synovial MEMBRANE

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10
Q

What type of freely moveable joints are the shoulders and hips

A

Synovial joints

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11
Q

What type of joints are synchondrosis and symphysis joints

A

Carilaginous

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12
Q

What type of joints are hinge, pivot, plane, clann and socket, condyloid, and saddle joints

A

Synovial joints

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13
Q

What type of joints are suture, gomphosis, and synesmosis joints

A

Fibrous joints

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14
Q

What are skeletal muscles

A

Composed of muscle FIBERS that attatch to BONE and are arranged PARALLEL to the long side of the bone

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15
Q

What is the thing called that connects bone to bone

A

ligament

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16
Q

What is the thing called that connects bone to muscle

A

Tendons

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17
Q

What is subjective data

A

What the patient says

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18
Q

What are some things you should ask your pt about

A

ALLERGIES, MEDS, SURGICAL history, FAMILY history, CHRONIC ILLNESS/DISABLITIES (ADLs)

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19
Q

How do you tell the difference between muscle and bone pain

A

Bone: specific spot, deep achy
Muscle: Generalizied

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20
Q

What is the injurgy called that involves tendons

A

Strain

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21
Q

What is the injury called that involves ligaments

A

Sprain

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22
Q

What should you expect if your pt complains of intense, sharp, continuous pain

A

Strain

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23
Q

What should you expect if your pt complains of dull, deep, achey pain that gets better with rest

A

Sprain

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24
Q

What are some age specific questions related to children

A

Broken BONE, ABNORMALITIES, DIFFICULTIES, DEVELOPING appropretly

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25
Q

What are some age specific questions to ask related to older peopl

A

Assistive DEVICES, FALLEN, MOBILITY, ADLs

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26
Q

What are thin women aged over 50 at risk for

A

Osteoporosis

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27
Q

What disease could happen with these lifestyle risks: smoking, alcohol, inadequate CALCIUM, vit D, ESTROGEN deficiency

A

Osteoporosis

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28
Q

What age does osteoporosis get screened for

A

65

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29
Q

What is objective data

A

What you observe

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30
Q

What is rule #1 to examiniation

A

Do everything BILATERALLY at the same time COMPARING side to side

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31
Q

What order should you go in for assessments

A

Inspection, palpation, ROM and muscle strength

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32
Q

What are you looking for in inspection (5)

A

size, color, swelling, deformities, masses (DCAP BTLS)

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33
Q

What are you feeling for in palpation (4)

A

warmth, swelling, tanderness, massess

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34
Q

What are you looking for in ROM and muscle strength (2)

A

Active or passive ROM, muscle strength 0-5

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35
Q

What is gait

A

The way someone walks

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36
Q

How wuold you describe this gait: walking steady with an opposing arm swing; spine straight

A

Normal

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37
Q

What type of gait would you see with parkinson’s disease

A

Abnormal shuffle

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38
Q

What are you inspecting for in joints

A

Color, swelling, deformities, masses

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39
Q

What is important when assessing skin color

A

Appropriate to ethnicity

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40
Q

What do you use to feel for temp

A

The dorsum (back) of hand

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41
Q

What is crepitus

A

A grating SOUND or FEEL produced by friction between bone and cartilage (Rice krispies)

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42
Q

How do you assess for crepitus

A

Move the joint

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43
Q

What is active ROM

A

pt is actively paricipating without assistance

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44
Q

What is passive ROM

A

pt needs assistance with the movement

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45
Q

If you are testing ROM what should you do if the pt says it hurts

A

STOP immediatly

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46
Q

What muscle strength is Full ROM against gravity with some resistance

A

4

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47
Q

What muscle strength is with no contraction

A

0

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48
Q

What muscle strength is Full ROM with gravity eliminated (passive motion)

A

2

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49
Q

What muscle strength is Full ROM with gravity with no resistance

A

3

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50
Q

What muscle strength is Full ROM against gravity with full resistance

A

5

51
Q

What muscle strength is with slight contraction

A

1

52
Q

What are some abnormalities related to adolescence

A

Kyphosis and scoliosis

53
Q

What is kyphosis

A

Hunch back from bad posture

54
Q

What abnormalities can happen to pregnat women

A

Progressive lordosis

55
Q

What is progressive lordosis

A

forward curve of the lower back (Oh LORD I’m pregnant)

56
Q

What are some abnormalities related to older people

A

Kyphosis, osteoporosis, reduced muscle mass, more limiations to ADLs

57
Q

What is osteoporosis

A

Loss of bone density and decreased bone formation

58
Q

What is osteoporosis considered

A

A silent disease, happens without signs or symptoms

59
Q

What hsould you susepct with a person who has kyphosis, loss of height, and has spontaneous fractures

A

Osteoporosis

60
Q

What is rheumatoid arthritis

A

CHRONIC, SYSTEMIC AUTOIMMUNE disease, INFLAMATION of JOINTS

61
Q

What should you suspect with a pt that has bilateral pain, edema, and stiddness in their joints, with a low grade fever and ulnar deviation

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

62
Q

What is osteoarthritis

A

Progressive BREAKDOWN and LOSS of CARTILAGE in joints

63
Q

What hsould you expect if your pt has unilateral or bilateral edema diffuse pain during movement or heberden or bouchard nodes

A

Osteoarthritis

64
Q

What is the high node in osteoarthritis called

A

Heberden

65
Q

What is the low node in osteoarthritis called

A

Bouchard

66
Q

What should we tell our pt to educate them on musculoskeletal system health

A

DIET, cupportive SHOES, WARM up before exercise, PREVENTION

67
Q

What are these foods rich in: Cheese, yogurt, milk, broccoli, kale, and legumes

A

Calcium

68
Q

What are these foods rich in: egg yolds, salmon, tuna

A

Vitamin D

69
Q

What is mobility

A

FREEDOM and INDEPENDENCE and selk AWARNESS

70
Q

What is immobility

A

INABLITLIY to move freely and independently

71
Q

Does risk of complications increase with the degree and time of immobilization

A

Yes

72
Q

What are the four ways to describe immobility

A

temporary/permanent and sudden/slow onset

73
Q

What is an example of a temporary immobility

A

Kness replacement

74
Q

What is an example of a permanant immobility

A

Paraplegia

75
Q

What is an example of a sudden onset immobility

A

Fracture from MVA

76
Q

What is an example of a slow onset immobility

A

Multiple sclerosis

77
Q

What can happen if you get inadequate intake of dietary calcium and vitamin D

A

Increased bone FRAGILITY and may lead to FRACTURES

78
Q

What can a decrease in bone density lead to

A

Oestoporisis

79
Q

What is muscle atrophy

A

When you don’t use your muscles you can loss 3% of muscle mass withing a day

80
Q

What can decreased stability lead to

A

Falls

81
Q

What are contractures

A

foot drop and hand contractures

82
Q

What is the key to interventions for the MS system

A

Early ambulation TID

83
Q

What should you do if your pt is on strict bedrest

A

Passive ROM

84
Q

What can help with proper body alignment

A

Positing devices

85
Q

What must you do when moving pts with spinal cord injuries

A

logroll, moving the body as a whole unit

86
Q

What are the effects of immobility on the nervous system

A

EQUILIBRIUM will be off, GAIT will be unsteady, altered SENSORY perception

87
Q

What are the effects of immobility on the cardiopulmonary system

A

Decreased EXCHANGE, ATELEXTASIS, orthostatic HYPOTENSION, increase in THROMBUS

88
Q

What is atelectasis

A

Colapse of lung when laying down

89
Q

What is a thrombus

A

Clot in the vein

90
Q

What is an embolism

A

Clot moving through the system

91
Q

Are embolisms an emergency

A

Yes

92
Q

What is the morse fall wisk assessment toll

A

Assesses the risk with six catagories: history of FALLING, secondary DIAGNOSIS, ambulatory AID, IV, GAIT, MENTAL status

93
Q

What is a 0-24 on the morse fall risk assessment

A

No risk

94
Q

What is a 46+ on the morse fall risk assessment

A

High risk

95
Q

What is a 25-45 on the morse fall risk assessment

A

Moderate risk

96
Q

What does a higher score on the morse fall risk scale mean

A

Greater risk

97
Q

When should a fall risk assessment be done

A

At the beginning of every shift

98
Q

What are some interventions you can do for the nerous system and cardiopulmonary system relating to the MS system

A

Raise the head of the bed, TCDB, incentive spirometers, TED hose and SCDs

99
Q

Why do you want to raise the bed for the cardiopulmonary system

A

Promote lung expansion

100
Q

What does TCDB stand for

A

Turn, cough, deep breathe

101
Q

What can you use to help your pt take deep slow breathes

A

Incentive spirometer: breathe in, hold it

102
Q

What do TED hose and SCDs do

A

Prevent blood clots in the lower extremities

103
Q

What are TED hose

A

Elastic stocking

104
Q

What are sequential compression devices (SCDs)

A

A device that intermittently inflates and deflates, hospital pts, good at PREVENTING DVTs

105
Q

Should you use SCDs on pts that have active DVT

A

NO

106
Q

What are the effects of immoniliy on the integumentary system

A

Increased PRESSURE increases risk for skin BREAKDOWN, decreased CIRCULATION which can lead to ISCHEMIA which can lead to PRESSURE INJURIES

107
Q

What are the areas of risk for pressure injuries

A

butt, coccyx, heels, hips, shoulders, elbows, ears

108
Q

How long should you limit chair sitting to

A

1 hourWha

109
Q

What are some corrective devices to use for positioning

A

Waffle mattress, waffle boots, trochanter rolls, wedge pillos

110
Q

How often should you turn your pts

A

Every 2 hours

111
Q

What are the effects of immonility on nutrition

A

Break down MUSCLE, ANOREXIA and NAUSEA

112
Q

What are the effects of immobility on elimination

A

Decreased PERISTALISIS, CONSTAPATION, UTIs

113
Q

What does pepermint oil help with

A

Dialiating vessels to poop

114
Q

How many liters should you drink in a day

A

2

115
Q

What can youdo to help nutrition and elimination

A

LEAN proteins, SMALLER more FREQUENT meals, EARLY ambulation

116
Q

What does heat therapy do

A

Increases blood VLOW, METABOLISM, RELAXES muscles, eases JOINT stiffness and pain

117
Q

What does cold therapy do

A

Decreases INFLAMMATION, BLEEDING, PAIN, diminishes mucles SPASMS

118
Q

What type of heat applications are warm compress or warm baths

A

moist

119
Q

What type of heat applications are hot packs, and warming blankets

A

dry

120
Q

What type of cold application types are cold water compresses and cold soaks

A

moist

121
Q

What type of cold application types are ice bags, ice collars, cold pack, or cooling blanket

A

dry

122
Q

Are cooling blankets the 1st choice

A

No

123
Q

How often does ATI say you should check heat or cold therapies

A

5-10 mins

124
Q

When should you remove cold or heat therapies

A

15-30 mins

Nursing Essentials (16 decks)

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