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Nursing Essentials > Asepsis and Infection Control > Flashcards

Asepsis and Infection Control Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the first line of defense

A

Normal flora

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2
Q

What is normal flora

A

“good” baceria and INHIBITS “bad: pathogens

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3
Q

What is the second line of defense

A

The inflammatory response

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4
Q

Is the inflammatory response local

A

Yes

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5
Q

When does the inflammatory response happen

A

Response to injury or ingaction

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6
Q

What happens biologicaly in the inflammatory response

A

Capillaries dilate and WBCs increase

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7
Q

What effects does the increase in WBCs create

A

REDness, SWELLING, WARMTH, PAIN

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8
Q

What does the inflammatory response activiate

A

The immune response

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9
Q

What initiates the immune response

A

Recognition of antigens

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10
Q

What are antigens

A

Bad bacteria, toxins, chemicals, drugs, particles

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11
Q

What are the types of immune response

A

Innate and adaptive

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12
Q

Which type of immunity is nonspecific

A

Innate

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13
Q

Which type of immunity is specific

A

Adaptive

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14
Q

What is the immediate response to an antigen

A

Innate

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15
Q

Are you born with an innate immunity

A

Yes

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16
Q

How do you auccire adaptive immunity

A

After EXPOSURE, WBCs produce ANTIBODIES in response to ANTIGENS

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17
Q

What are the specific type of cells that learn which bacteria is good or bad

A

B and T cells

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18
Q

How can you gain immunization/ exposure to a certain pathogen

A

Vaccinations

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19
Q

How does passive immunity work

A

Babies in UTERO or via BREASTMILK

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20
Q

How does the skin protect the body

A

IMPERMEABLE to most microorganisms, SWEAT has a low pH which INHIBITS bacterial growth

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21
Q

How does the respiratory tract protect the body

A

CILIA and MUCUS trap and move foreign bodies, contain proteins with ANTIMICROBIAL properties

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22
Q

How does the GI system protect the body

A

Gut FLORA and LOW pH

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23
Q

What is the definition of virulence

A

The ablity of a pathogen to invade and injure host

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24
Q

What 6 component must all be present and intect for an infection to occur

A

Infectious AGENT, SOURCE, portal of EXIT, mode of TRANSMISSION, portal of ENTRY, susceptible HOST

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25
Q

Hand washing interrupts the chain of infection cycle at which step?

A

Mode of transmission

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26
Q

What is the inbuation period

A

Time between pathogen ENTERING the body and presentation of first SYMPTOMS

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27
Q

What is the prodromal stage

A

The pathogen MULTIPLIES and changes from GENERAL to more DISTINCT symptoms

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28
Q

What is the illness stage

A

Syptoms specific to infection

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29
Q

What is the convalescence stage

A

Acute symptoms disappear and begin RECOVERY

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30
Q

How long can recovery from an illness be

A

Days to months

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31
Q

What are the risks for infection

A

EVERYTHING, poor HYGIENE, people with COMPROMISED health, living in CROWED places, OLD people, NEEDLES, protected SEX, TRAVEL, SMOKING, STRESS, poor NUTRITION

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32
Q

Who are the individuals that likely have compromised health and poor defenses

A

Young, old, and chemo pts

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33
Q

Why are homeless people more likely to get TB

A

They live in CROWDED shelters

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34
Q

What does HAI stand for and whats another name for it

A

Healthy-care acquired infections or nosocomial infections

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35
Q

What are the costs of HAIs

A

MONEY, LONGER stays, loss of EARNING, DISRUPTION of life, DEATH, PAIN, lack of TRUST

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36
Q

What are the common culprits of HAIs

A

INDWELLING medical devices, TRANSMISSION between pts and healthcare workers, overuse and misuse of ABX (antibiotics), ICU settings

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37
Q

Why are we worried about the overuse and misuse of antibotics

A

It can create drug resistant organisms

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38
Q

How can HAIs be avoided

A

HANDWASHING, PPE, STERILE technique

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39
Q

What is the most effective method of HAI prevention

A

Handwashing

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40
Q

What is the local signs and symptoms of infection

A

ERYTHEMA, WARMTH, PAIN, TENDERNESS, DRAINAGE, EDEMA

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41
Q

What happens to cause a systemic infection

A

The infection has inflitrated with bloodstream

42
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a systemic infection

A

FEVER, CHILLS, DIAPHORESIS, TACHVARDIA, TACHYPNESA, LETHARGY, LYMPHADENOPATHY

43
Q

What is the differenc ein the response of a local and systemic infection

A

In a systemic response it’s a full body response

44
Q

What is lymphadenopathy

A

Swollen lymphnodes

45
Q

What is the nursing process

A

ADPIE

46
Q

What is ADPIE

A

ASSESSMENT, DIAGNOSIS, PLANNING, IMPLEMENTATION, EVALUATION

47
Q

What happens in the assessment part of the nursing process

A

You get the info

48
Q

What happens in the diagnosis part of the nursing process

A

What does the nurse need to worry about, PRIORITIZE, CARE PLAN

49
Q

What happens in the planning part of the nursing process

A

What will you do as the nurse

50
Q

What happens in the implementation part of the nursing process

A

Actually doing the interventions

51
Q

What happens in the evaluation part of the nursing process

A

Did the interventions work

52
Q

What do you need to do in the assessment part

A

Get the subjective and objective data

53
Q

What is the subjective data

A

What the patient tells youf

54
Q

How do you get the subjective data

A

The chief complaint and health history

55
Q

What are some questions you can ask to get the subjective data

A

What brought you in, medications, immunosupressant, cough, travel, short of breathe, fatiged, appetite change

56
Q

Why are diabetic people more at risk for infection

A

Because the sugar is food for bacteria

57
Q

What is the objective data

A

What you measure

58
Q

How do you get the objective data

A

VITALS, RISK assessment, LABS

59
Q

What type of labs could you order for infection

A

CBC, inflammatory MARKERS, CULTURES

60
Q

What are the type of inflammatory markers you can test for

A

ESR (erythrocyte sed rate) and CRP (C-reactive protein

61
Q

What do you need to do in the diagnosis part

A

Find what you care about

62
Q

How do you do the disgnosis part

A

RISK for infection, impaired SKIN integrity, lack of KNOWLEDGE

63
Q

What do you need to do in the planning part

A

Evaluate RESOURCES, REALISTIC, PRIORITIZE, SMART goals

64
Q

What are the two ways you can prioritize your diagnoses

A

Maslow’s pryamids or the ABCs

65
Q

What does the ABCs stand for

A

Airway, breathing, circulation

66
Q

What is Maslow’s pryamid

A

physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actulization

67
Q

What do you need to do for the implementation part

A

EVIDENCE-BASED strategies to break the chain of infection

68
Q

What do you need to do for the evaluation part

A

Evaluate the effectivness of your interventions, NOT did the patient do the interventions

69
Q

Give an example of how to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention of a fall risk pt

A

Not you put the bed alarm on
Did they fall or not

70
Q

What is medical aspsis

A

CLEAN, REDUCED number of microorganisms

71
Q

What is sterile technique

A

A;iminate ALL microorganisms, INDWELLING devices

72
Q

What should you know baout the sterile field

A

DRY, above WAIST, never turn BACK, 1” BORDER, AWAY from body, never reach OVER

73
Q

What does disinfection mean

A

Removal of everything except SPORES

74
Q

What are germicidal agents

A

Disinfect objects ex. bleach

75
Q

What are antiseptic agents

A

Disinfect skin ex. iodine, alcohol, chlorhexidine

76
Q

What is sterillization

A

Destory ALL microorganisms

77
Q

How do you physically sterilze something

A

STEAM, BOIL, RADIATION

78
Q

What do you use for chemical sterilization

A

Gases ex. autoclave

79
Q

What is the goal of precautions

A

To reduce transmission of pathogens

80
Q

What dictates required PPE

A

The type of transmission

81
Q

What are the five types of transmissions

A

Standard contact, droplet, airborn, enteric, neutropenic

82
Q

Which pts are like on protective isolation

A

Immunocompromised pts

83
Q

When do you use standard precautions

A

For EVERYone

84
Q

What is included in standard precautions

A

HAND hygiene, GLOVES, clean EQUIPMENT, discard NEEDLES

85
Q

When do you use contact precautions

A

When it spread either directly or indirectly with contact

86
Q

What infections are on contact precautions

A

MDRO (MRSA, VRE), HEP A, SCABIES, HSV, draining WOUNDS

87
Q

What is included in contact precautions

A

gloves, gown

88
Q

When do you use droplet precautions

A

Illness spreads by big droplets in the air, sneexing, coughing, talking

89
Q

What illness are on droplet precaution

A

STREP, PNEUMONIA, INFLUENZA, PHARYNGEAL IDPHTHERIA, MUMPS, RUBELLA, PERTUSSIS

90
Q

What is pertussis

A

Whooping chough

91
Q

What is included in droplet precautions

A

mask and eye protection

92
Q

When do you use airborn precautions

A

Disease spread through small droplets that stay in the air

93
Q

What diseases are on airborne precautions

A

Varicella, measles, TB, COVID

94
Q

What is the other name for chicken pox

A

varicella

95
Q

What is the other name for measles

A

rubeloa

96
Q

What is included in airborne precautions

A

N-95, closed foor

97
Q

When is enteric precautions used

A

C. diff

98
Q

What is included in enteric precautions

A

gloves, gown, then wash hands with SOAP and water

99
Q

What is the common cause of pnumonia in the ICU

A

Poor oral hygeiene

100
Q

What is the pulmonary toilet

A

TURN, COUGH, deep BREATHEW

101
Q

What does the pulmonary toilet and repostioning Q2h do

A

It moves everything out and around

102
Q

How can you advocate for your pt to prevent infection

A

ANTIBIOTICS, INDWELLING devices

Nursing Essentials (5 decks)

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