Asepsis and Infection Control Flashcards
1
Q
What is the first line of defense
A
Normal flora
2
Q
What is normal flora
A
“good” baceria and INHIBITS “bad: pathogens
3
Q
What is the second line of defense
A
The inflammatory response
4
Q
Is the inflammatory response local
A
Yes
5
Q
When does the inflammatory response happen
A
Response to injury or ingaction
6
Q
What happens biologicaly in the inflammatory response
A
Capillaries dilate and WBCs increase
7
Q
What effects does the increase in WBCs create
A
REDness, SWELLING, WARMTH, PAIN
8
Q
What does the inflammatory response activiate
A
The immune response
9
Q
What initiates the immune response
A
Recognition of antigens
10
Q
What are antigens
A
Bad bacteria, toxins, chemicals, drugs, particles
11
Q
What are the types of immune response
A
Innate and adaptive
12
Q
Which type of immunity is nonspecific
A
Innate
13
Q
Which type of immunity is specific
A
Adaptive
14
Q
What is the immediate response to an antigen
A
Innate
15
Q
Are you born with an innate immunity
A
Yes
16
Q
How do you auccire adaptive immunity
A
After EXPOSURE, WBCs produce ANTIBODIES in response to ANTIGENS
17
Q
What are the specific type of cells that learn which bacteria is good or bad
A
B and T cells
18
Q
How can you gain immunization/ exposure to a certain pathogen
A
Vaccinations
19
Q
How does passive immunity work
A
Babies in UTERO or via BREASTMILK
20
Q
How does the skin protect the body
A
IMPERMEABLE to most microorganisms, SWEAT has a low pH which INHIBITS bacterial growth
21
Q
How does the respiratory tract protect the body
A
CILIA and MUCUS trap and move foreign bodies, contain proteins with ANTIMICROBIAL properties
22
Q
How does the GI system protect the body
A
Gut FLORA and LOW pH
23
Q
What is the definition of virulence
A
The ablity of a pathogen to invade and injure host
24
Q
What 6 component must all be present and intect for an infection to occur
A
Infectious AGENT, SOURCE, portal of EXIT, mode of TRANSMISSION, portal of ENTRY, susceptible HOST
25
Hand washing interrupts the chain of infection cycle at which step?
Mode of transmission
26
What is the inbuation period
Time between pathogen ENTERING the body and presentation of first SYMPTOMS
27
What is the prodromal stage
The pathogen MULTIPLIES and changes from GENERAL to more DISTINCT symptoms
28
What is the illness stage
Syptoms specific to infection
29
What is the convalescence stage
Acute symptoms disappear and begin RECOVERY
30
How long can recovery from an illness be
Days to months
31
What are the risks for infection
EVERYTHING, poor HYGIENE, people with COMPROMISED health, living in CROWED places, OLD people, NEEDLES, protected SEX, TRAVEL, SMOKING, STRESS, poor NUTRITION
32
Who are the individuals that likely have compromised health and poor defenses
Young, old, and chemo pts
33
Why are homeless people more likely to get TB
They live in CROWDED shelters
34
What does HAI stand for and whats another name for it
Healthy-care acquired infections or nosocomial infections
35
What are the costs of HAIs
MONEY, LONGER stays, loss of EARNING, DISRUPTION of life, DEATH, PAIN, lack of TRUST
36
What are the common culprits of HAIs
INDWELLING medical devices, TRANSMISSION between pts and healthcare workers, overuse and misuse of ABX (antibiotics), ICU settings
37
Why are we worried about the overuse and misuse of antibotics
It can create drug resistant organisms
38
How can HAIs be avoided
HANDWASHING, PPE, STERILE technique
39
What is the most effective method of HAI prevention
Handwashing
40
What is the local signs and symptoms of infection
ERYTHEMA, WARMTH, PAIN, TENDERNESS, DRAINAGE, EDEMA
41
What happens to cause a systemic infection
The infection has inflitrated with bloodstream
42
What are the signs and symptoms of a systemic infection
FEVER, CHILLS, DIAPHORESIS, TACHVARDIA, TACHYPNESA, LETHARGY, LYMPHADENOPATHY
43
What is the differenc ein the response of a local and systemic infection
In a systemic response it's a full body response
44
What is lymphadenopathy
Swollen lymphnodes
45
What is the nursing process
ADPIE
46
What is ADPIE
ASSESSMENT, DIAGNOSIS, PLANNING, IMPLEMENTATION, EVALUATION
47
What happens in the assessment part of the nursing process
You get the info
48
What happens in the diagnosis part of the nursing process
What does the nurse need to worry about, PRIORITIZE, CARE PLAN
49
What happens in the planning part of the nursing process
What will you do as the nurse
50
What happens in the implementation part of the nursing process
Actually doing the interventions
51
What happens in the evaluation part of the nursing process
Did the interventions work
52
What do you need to do in the assessment part
Get the subjective and objective data
53
What is the subjective data
What the patient tells youf
54
How do you get the subjective data
The chief complaint and health history
55
What are some questions you can ask to get the subjective data
What brought you in, medications, immunosupressant, cough, travel, short of breathe, fatiged, appetite change
56
Why are diabetic people more at risk for infection
Because the sugar is food for bacteria
57
What is the objective data
What you measure
58
How do you get the objective data
VITALS, RISK assessment, LABS
59
What type of labs could you order for infection
CBC, inflammatory MARKERS, CULTURES
60
What are the type of inflammatory markers you can test for
ESR (erythrocyte sed rate) and CRP (C-reactive protein
61
What do you need to do in the diagnosis part
Find what you care about
62
How do you do the disgnosis part
RISK for infection, impaired SKIN integrity, lack of KNOWLEDGE
63
What do you need to do in the planning part
Evaluate RESOURCES, REALISTIC, PRIORITIZE, SMART goals
64
What are the two ways you can prioritize your diagnoses
Maslow's pryamids or the ABCs
65
What does the ABCs stand for
Airway, breathing, circulation
66
What is Maslow's pryamid
physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actulization
67
What do you need to do for the implementation part
EVIDENCE-BASED strategies to break the chain of infection
68
What do you need to do for the evaluation part
Evaluate the effectivness of your interventions, NOT did the patient do the interventions
69
Give an example of how to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention of a fall risk pt
Not you put the bed alarm on
Did they fall or not
70
What is medical aspsis
CLEAN, REDUCED number of microorganisms
71
What is sterile technique
A;iminate ALL microorganisms, INDWELLING devices
72
What should you know baout the sterile field
DRY, above WAIST, never turn BACK, 1" BORDER, AWAY from body, never reach OVER
73
What does disinfection mean
Removal of everything except SPORES
74
What are germicidal agents
Disinfect objects ex. bleach
75
What are antiseptic agents
Disinfect skin ex. iodine, alcohol, chlorhexidine
76
What is sterillization
Destory ALL microorganisms
77
How do you physically sterilze something
STEAM, BOIL, RADIATION
78
What do you use for chemical sterilization
Gases ex. autoclave
79
What is the goal of precautions
To reduce transmission of pathogens
80
What dictates required PPE
The type of transmission
81
What are the five types of transmissions
Standard contact, droplet, airborn, enteric, neutropenic
82
Which pts are like on protective isolation
Immunocompromised pts
83
When do you use standard precautions
For EVERYone
84
What is included in standard precautions
HAND hygiene, GLOVES, clean EQUIPMENT, discard NEEDLES
85
When do you use contact precautions
When it spread either directly or indirectly with contact
86
What infections are on contact precautions
MDRO (MRSA, VRE), HEP A, SCABIES, HSV, draining WOUNDS
87
What is included in contact precautions
gloves, gown
88
When do you use droplet precautions
Illness spreads by big droplets in the air, sneexing, coughing, talking
89
What illness are on droplet precaution
STREP, PNEUMONIA, INFLUENZA, PHARYNGEAL IDPHTHERIA, MUMPS, RUBELLA, PERTUSSIS
90
What is pertussis
Whooping chough
91
What is included in droplet precautions
mask and eye protection
92
When do you use airborn precautions
Disease spread through small droplets that stay in the air
93
What diseases are on airborne precautions
Varicella, measles, TB, COVID
94
What is the other name for chicken pox
varicella
95
What is the other name for measles
rubeloa
96
What is included in airborne precautions
N-95, closed foor
97
When is enteric precautions used
C. diff
98
What is included in enteric precautions
gloves, gown, then wash hands with SOAP and water
99
What is the common cause of pnumonia in the ICU
Poor oral hygeiene
100
What is the pulmonary toilet
TURN, COUGH, deep BREATHEW
101
What does the pulmonary toilet and repostioning Q2h do
It moves everything out and around
102
How can you advocate for your pt to prevent infection
ANTIBIOTICS, INDWELLING devices
