HEENT Pt. 1 Flashcards
1
Q
What are you looking at when doing a head and neck assessment
A
Skull, face, hair, neck, shoulders, lymph nodes, thyroid gland, trachea, carotid arteries, and jugular veins
2
Q
What are the techniques used when assessing the head and neck
A
Inspection and palpation
3
Q
What are you looking for in a head and neck assessment
A
Usual symmetry, masses, deformities
4
Q
What should you ask about headaches
A
How often and how long
5
Q
Why is location important for headaches
A
migraines
6
Q
What is presyncope
A
Felling of faintness, near FAINT
7
Q
What is disequilibrium
A
Feeling of FALLING
8
Q
What is certigo
A
Sensation of movement, SPINNING
9
Q
What is light-headedness
A
Vague description of dizziness that doesn’t FIT the other descriptions
10
Q
What can cause vertigo
A
Ear issues and meds
11
Q
What are you look at related to the head compared to the neck and sholders
A
Size and shape
12
Q
What is normocephalic
A
Normal head
13
Q
What is a normocephalic
A
No depressions, masses, or tenderness, and symmetrical, held UPRIGHT and STRAIGHT
14
Q
What could cause a depression in the skull
A
Craneoctomies
15
Q
What should the scalp look like
A
Intact, without lesions, redness, or falkes
16
Q
What is microcephaly
A
Small head
17
Q
What is macrocephaly
A
Big head
18
Q
What are we looking for in symmetry in the face
A
Facial features and expression
19
Q
Why do we want to look at symmetry of facial expression
A
Stroke pts
20
Q
Should there be tenderness or incoluntary movements in the face
A
No
21
Q
What does CN V do
A
Clench TEETH, light TOUGHT, SENSATION
22
Q
What does CN VII
A
SMILE, frown, raise eyebrows, MOVEMENTS
23
Q
What should you palpate on the face
A
frontal and maxillary sinuses
24
Q
Where are the frontal sinuses
A
Forehead
25
Where are the maxillary sinuses
Cheecks
26
What does tenderness in the sinuses mean
Sinus congestion or infection, will be present with other SYMPTOMS
27
What should you expect to find in the neck
Symmetrical, equal sholders, full ROM
28
What does CNXI do
Shrug sholders
29
Where do you palpate from the thyroid
Above the suprasternal notch
30
Should you feel the thyroid
No
31
Should there be trachea deviation
No
32
What can trachea deviation mean
Respiratory issues, collapsed lung, masses
33
What are you going to do if you find trachea deviation
Assess airway and respiratoary
34
What are the S+S of respiratory distress
Cynosis, vitals, O2, agitated, restless
35
Should neck movements be done if the pt has sustained a neck or head injury
NO
36
What do the lymphatic do
Eliminate and filter foreign substances
37
What does it mean if the lymphatics are soft and squishy
They are swollen because there is either an infection of the nodes are not draining
38
How do you assess the lymphatics
Palpate with your index and middle finger
39
Should the lymphatics be easy to palpate and tender
NO and NO
40
When do the head of a child grow to 90%
6 years
41
What happens to the thyroid in pregnant women
Enlarges, normal
42
What are the careteristics of old people skin
Loss of subQ fat, elasticity, and moisture
43
Why do old people loss elasticity
UV light exposure
44
What are some typical triggers of migraine attacks
Foods, weather, bright lights, loud nosies, exertion, lack of sleep
45
How long can migraine attacks last
4-72 hours
46
What are the symptoms of a migraine attack
Unilateral, pulsating or throbbing, worse with movement, N+V
47
What is an aura
Visual symptoms of a migraine attack
48
What is the treatment of migraines
Avoid light and sound, photo/phonophobia
49
What can migraine attacks affect
Pts lives
50
What is the most common form of headaches
tension
51
Who do tension headache bother
20-40 year olds
52
What are the S+S of tension headaches
Bilateral, slow-progressive, band-like headahce, could be many days
53
What are tension headaches triggered by
stress and dehydration
54
What is the common treatment for tension headaches
Analgesics
55
What is the rarest and most painful headache type
cluster
56
Why are cluster headaches called cluster
Because they occur every day for about 8-10 weeks per year
57
What is the S+S of cluster headaches
Excruciating, stabbing, unilateral behind the eye, BURNING STABBING
58
How long to cluster headaches last aech day
30-60 mins
59
What is used to treat cluster headaches
O2 therapy
60
When should you worry about headaches
Sudden, unfamiliar, 10/10 pain, fever, nack stiffness, altered mental status, changes with position
61
What is a thunderclap headache
The worst headache of their life
62
What can neck stiffness and a headache mean
Meningitis, CNS infection
63
What type of headache cause gets better when the pt sits up
Brain tumors
64
What are the nursing interventions for headaches
Meds, cool, dark, quite enviroment, elevate HOB, O2 for CLUSTER headache
65
What should you educate your pt about headaches
Women of 50 are a risk for STROKE, triggers, stress management, pain relief
66
What is bells palsy
TEMPORARY UNILATERAL facial paralysis caused by damage t oCNVII (motor)
67
What are the risk factors of bells palsy
Hx of infection, diabetes, of hypertension
68
Why can infections cause bells palsy
The inflammation can pinch the CNVII
69
Does bells palsy happen suddenly
Yes
70
How can you diagnosis bells palsy
MRI and CT to rule out stroke of tumor
71
Does pells palsy resolve
Yes in about 6 months
72
What should you do if someone comes in with unilateral facial paralysis
Treat as a stroke
73
What are the nursing interventions for bells palsy
Manage symptoms: pain assessment, warm, moist compress, dryness of EYES, tears, PT/OT, emotional help
74
What is hydrocephalus
Buildup of CSF, high-pitched cry, SUNSET eyes
75
What characteristic do babies with down syndrome have
Facial features, chromosomal defect
76
What can the fontanels show as
Bulging or depressed
77
What are we visually looking at with the eyes
GLOVES, in line with the tops of the EARS and are symmetrical
78
Know eye anatomy
YUP
79
What is the sclera
White part of the eye
80
What is the conjunctiva
The inner pink park
81
What are some questions you ask about eyes
Vision, changes, blurry , doubles, pain, sensitivity, itching, dryness, watery, contact, glasses, last exam, diabetes
82
What is the snellen chart
Distant, 20 feet away
83
What is the rosenbaum chart
Near, 14 inches
84
What does the CN II do
visual acuity
85
What type of visual type do you use for pts who are illiterate
Shapes
86
What do the CN 3,4,5 do
Six cardinal fields of gaze
87
What are you looking for when assessing the movement of the eyes
muscle weakness, mooth movement, nystagmus
88
What is nystagmus
involuntary shaking of the iris
89
What does PERRLA stand for
pupils are equal round and reactive to light and accommodation
90
Whay should the pupils do when you focus on a distant objects
Dialate
91
What should the pupils do when you focus on near objects
Constrict
92
What are infants and childrens vision
limited at birth and poorly coordinated movemnt
93
What is presbyopia
Farsightedness causes by loos of elasticity
94
What is the vision of older adults
Presbyopia, less tears, pupil size, and acuity
95
What can cause decreased tear production
Meds
96
What do white people have a risk of in vision
Cataracts
97
What do asain people have vision wise
Narrowed palpedral fissures
98
What do balck people have vision wise
Muddy color to the sclera and yellowish fatty deposits beneath the lids
99
What can you see with darker-skinned people
Small brown macules on the sclera
100
What is macular degeneration
Central loos of vision from the macula/retina
101
What are some risk factors of macular degeneration
smoking, diabetes, HTN, HLD
102
What are the S+S of macular degeneration
Bad central vision, dark spot vision
103
How can you assess macular degeneration
History, S+S, acuity
104
What are the issues related with macular egeneration
Falls, emotions
105
What are the nursing interventions of macular degeneration
Idependance, safety, resources, coping, changes
106
What can you educate your pts with macular degeneration
Stop smoking, wear sunglasses and good safety
107
What is cataracts
OPACITY in the lens, CLOUDY vision
108
What are the risk factors of cataracts,
UV light, infection
109
What are the main symptoms of cataracts
blurred vision, painless, glare
110
How can you assess cataracts
White, opacity over the lens
111
What are the nursing interventions of cataracts
Prepare for surgery (CHG bath), monitor after and promote safety
112
What should people that just got a cataract surgery not do
Stop taking BP meds, cough or bend over
113
What can you teach your pts about cataracts
Med adherance, avoid increase pressure, dark glasses
114
What is glaucoma
Optic nerve issues from increased fluid and pressure
115
What are the two different types of glaucoma
Closed/opened angle
116
What is the leading cause of blindness
Glaucoma
117
Is early diagnosis ESSENTIAL in preventing vision loss from glaucoma
YES
118
What are the S+S of glaucoma
Peripheral vision loss
119
When is glaucoma an emergency
Sudden onset of eye pain, and halos
120
What is conjunctivitis
Pink eye
121
What is pink eye
inflammtion of the conjuncative, bacterial, viral, and allergic
122
What are the S+S of pink
Either uni/bilateral, edema, sensitvity to light, discharge
123
What are the risk factos of pink eye
School, bad hand washing, sleeping with contacts
124
What is the treatment of conjunctivitis
self if viral or antibiotics
125
What does crusty eyes mean
Bacterial pink eye
126
What does watery eyes mean
Viral
127
What does red itchy eyes with other S+S mean
Allergic
128
What are the nursing interventions of pink eye
Warm, wet compress, eye drops
129
What can you teach your pts about pink eyes
How it's spread, wash pillow case, wash hands
130
What is periorbital edema
Swollen puffy lides that can mean crying, infection, kidney, heart failure, everything
