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Rosalynn's ABSITE > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Effects of chromium deficiency

A

encephalopathy
hyperglycemia
neuropathy

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2
Q

Effects of cobalamin (B12) deficiency

A

beefy tongue
megaloblastic anemia
peripheral neuropathy

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3
Q

Effects of copper deficiency

A

pancytopenia

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4
Q

effects of essential fatty acids deficiency

A

dermatitis
hair loss
thrombocytopenia

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5
Q

effects of folate deficiency

A

glossitis

megaloblastic anemia

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6
Q

effects of niacin deficiency

A

diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia (pellagra)

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7
Q

effects of phosphate deficiency

A

encephalopathy
decreased phagocytosis
weakness

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8
Q

effects of pyridoxine (B6) deficiency

A

glossitis
peripheral neuropathy
sideroblastic anemia

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9
Q

effects of thiamine (B1) deficiency

A

cardiomyopathy
peripheral neuropathy
wernicke encephalopathy

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10
Q

effects of zinc deficiency

A

hair loss
rash
poor healing

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11
Q

effects of vitamin A deficiency

A

night blindness

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12
Q

effects of vitamin D deficiency

A

rickets

osteomalacia

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13
Q

effects of vitamin E deficiency

A

neuropathy

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14
Q

equation for respiratory quotient

A

RQ = CO2 produced/O2 consumed

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15
Q

RQ for carbs

A

1

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16
Q

RQ for ethanol

A

0.67

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17
Q

RQ for fat

A

0.7

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18
Q

RQ during hyperventilation

A

> 1.1

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19
Q

RQ to indicate lipogenesis or over feeding

A

> 1.0

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20
Q

RQ in starvation

A

0.6-0.7 (fat is fuel during starvation)

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21
Q

ideal RQ during mixed substrate oxidation

A

0.85-0.95

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22
Q

RQ < 0.82 indicates

A

occurrence of protein oxidation

increased total energy intake by increasing carbs and calorie uptake

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23
Q

RQ >1 indicates

A

excessive calorie load

decrease carbs intake and caloric intake

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24
Q

Formula to calculate ideal body weight for a man

A

106 lb + 6 lb for every inch over 5 ft

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25
Formula to calculate ideal body weight for a woman
105 lb + 5 lb for every inch over 5 ft
26
rough percent of calories from carbs in TPN
50-60%
27
rough precent of calories from protein in TPN
10-20%
28
rough percent of calories from fat in TPN
20-30%
29
electrolyte abnormalities found with refeeding syndrome
hypokalemia hypomagnesemia hypophosphatemia
30
Fuel for colonocytes
short chain fatty acids (butyrate)
31
fuel for small bowel enterocytes
glutamine
32
fuel for cancer cells
glutamine
33
for average healthy adult male, what percentage of calories should come from fat?
30%
34
How many kcal are there in a gram of dextrose?
3.4 kcal/g
35
How many kcal are there in a gram of oral carbs?
4 kcal/g
36
How many kcal are there in a gram of protein?
4kcal/g
37
How many kcal are there in a gram of EtOH?
7 kcal/g
38
How many kcal are there in a gram of fat?
9 kcal/g
39
where are fat soluble vitamins absorbed?
terminal ileum
40
where is iron absorbed
most in duodenum and some in jejunum
41
where is vitamin B12 absorbed
terminal ileum
42
where are bile salts absorbed
terminal ileum
43
formula to calculate nitrogen balance
(N in - N out) = [(protein/6.25) - (24 hours urine N + 4 g)]
44
what is the protein requirement for an average healthy adult male?
1 g protein/kg/d | 20% from essential amino acids
45
how long does it take to deplete glycogen stores during starvation
24-36 hrs
46
where is glycogen stored
1/3 in liver and 2/3 in skeletal muscle
47
where does gluconeogenesis occur during late starvation
kidney
48
only AA to increase during stress
alanine and phenylalanine
49
AA that is the primary substrate for gluconeogenesis
alanine
50
most efficient form of storage of calories
triglycerides
51
pregnancy can increase kcal requirement by
300 kcal/d
52
general method to calculate calorie requirement for a burn patient
25 kcal/kg/d + (30kcal/d x % burn)
53
general method to calculate protein requirement for burn patient
1 to 1.5 g/kg/d + (3 g x % burn)
54
sepsis/surgery/trauma can increase kcal requirement by
20-40%
55
percentage increase of the basal metabolic rate for every degree above 38 C
10%
56
primary enzyme responsible for the transamination of amino acids (ammonia, alpha ketoglutarate)
glutamine dehydrogenase
57
where is calcium absorbed?
actively in duodenum and passively in jejunum
58
acute form of childhood protein-energy malnutrition characterized by anorexia, edema, enlarged liver with fatty infiltrates, irritability, ulcerating dermatoses
kwashiokor
59
severe protein energy malnutrition characterized by energy deficiency and characterized by extensive tissue/muscle wasting and variable edema
marasmus
60
maximal glucose administration for TPN delivered through central line
3 g/kg/hr
61
half life of pre albumin
2-3 days
62
half life of albumin
14-20 days
63
half life of transferrin
8-9 days
64
weaning from ventilator can occur if
excess glucose hence RQ greater 1 | more CO2 produced than O2 consumed
65
etomidate can cause what electrolyte abnormality?
hyponatremia (sodium excretion) | hyperkalemia (potassium retention)
66
best nutrition access method for critically ill burn patient
nasojejunal
67
how does trypsinogen turn into trypsin
enterokinase in intestinal brush border
68
how many calories does an unstressed adult need
25-35 kcal/kg
69
how many calories does an adult in a catabolic state need
35-40 kcal/kg

Rosalynn's ABSITE (33 decks)

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