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Rosalynn's ABSITE > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Effects of chromium deficiency

A

encephalopathy
hyperglycemia
neuropathy

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2
Q

Effects of cobalamin (B12) deficiency

A

beefy tongue
megaloblastic anemia
peripheral neuropathy

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3
Q

Effects of copper deficiency

A

pancytopenia

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4
Q

effects of essential fatty acids deficiency

A

dermatitis
hair loss
thrombocytopenia

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5
Q

effects of folate deficiency

A

glossitis

megaloblastic anemia

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6
Q

effects of niacin deficiency

A

diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia (pellagra)

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7
Q

effects of phosphate deficiency

A

encephalopathy
decreased phagocytosis
weakness

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8
Q

effects of pyridoxine (B6) deficiency

A

glossitis
peripheral neuropathy
sideroblastic anemia

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9
Q

effects of thiamine (B1) deficiency

A

cardiomyopathy
peripheral neuropathy
wernicke encephalopathy

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10
Q

effects of zinc deficiency

A

hair loss
rash
poor healing

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11
Q

effects of vitamin A deficiency

A

night blindness

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12
Q

effects of vitamin D deficiency

A

rickets

osteomalacia

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13
Q

effects of vitamin E deficiency

A

neuropathy

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14
Q

equation for respiratory quotient

A

RQ = CO2 produced/O2 consumed

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15
Q

RQ for carbs

A

1

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16
Q

RQ for ethanol

A

0.67

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17
Q

RQ for fat

A

0.7

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18
Q

RQ during hyperventilation

A

> 1.1

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19
Q

RQ to indicate lipogenesis or over feeding

A

> 1.0

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20
Q

RQ in starvation

A

0.6-0.7 (fat is fuel during starvation)

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21
Q

ideal RQ during mixed substrate oxidation

A

0.85-0.95

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22
Q

RQ < 0.82 indicates

A

occurrence of protein oxidation

increased total energy intake by increasing carbs and calorie uptake

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23
Q

RQ >1 indicates

A

excessive calorie load

decrease carbs intake and caloric intake

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24
Q

Formula to calculate ideal body weight for a man

A

106 lb + 6 lb for every inch over 5 ft

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25
Q

Formula to calculate ideal body weight for a woman

A

105 lb + 5 lb for every inch over 5 ft

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26
Q

rough percent of calories from carbs in TPN

A

50-60%

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27
Q

rough precent of calories from protein in TPN

A

10-20%

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28
Q

rough percent of calories from fat in TPN

A

20-30%

29
Q

electrolyte abnormalities found with refeeding syndrome

A

hypokalemia
hypomagnesemia
hypophosphatemia

30
Q

Fuel for colonocytes

A

short chain fatty acids (butyrate)

31
Q

fuel for small bowel enterocytes

A

glutamine

32
Q

fuel for cancer cells

A

glutamine

33
Q

for average healthy adult male, what percentage of calories should come from fat?

A

30%

34
Q

How many kcal are there in a gram of dextrose?

A

3.4 kcal/g

35
Q

How many kcal are there in a gram of oral carbs?

A

4 kcal/g

36
Q

How many kcal are there in a gram of protein?

A

4kcal/g

37
Q

How many kcal are there in a gram of EtOH?

A

7 kcal/g

38
Q

How many kcal are there in a gram of fat?

A

9 kcal/g

39
Q

where are fat soluble vitamins absorbed?

A

terminal ileum

40
Q

where is iron absorbed

A

most in duodenum and some in jejunum

41
Q

where is vitamin B12 absorbed

A

terminal ileum

42
Q

where are bile salts absorbed

A

terminal ileum

43
Q

formula to calculate nitrogen balance

A

(N in - N out) = [(protein/6.25) - (24 hours urine N + 4 g)]

44
Q

what is the protein requirement for an average healthy adult male?

A

1 g protein/kg/d

20% from essential amino acids

45
Q

how long does it take to deplete glycogen stores during starvation

A

24-36 hrs

46
Q

where is glycogen stored

A

1/3 in liver and 2/3 in skeletal muscle

47
Q

where does gluconeogenesis occur during late starvation

A

kidney

48
Q

only AA to increase during stress

A

alanine and phenylalanine

49
Q

AA that is the primary substrate for gluconeogenesis

A

alanine

50
Q

most efficient form of storage of calories

A

triglycerides

51
Q

pregnancy can increase kcal requirement by

A

300 kcal/d

52
Q

general method to calculate calorie requirement for a burn patient

A

25 kcal/kg/d + (30kcal/d x % burn)

53
Q

general method to calculate protein requirement for burn patient

A

1 to 1.5 g/kg/d + (3 g x % burn)

54
Q

sepsis/surgery/trauma can increase kcal requirement by

A

20-40%

55
Q

percentage increase of the basal metabolic rate for every degree above 38 C

A

10%

56
Q

primary enzyme responsible for the transamination of amino acids (ammonia, alpha ketoglutarate)

A

glutamine dehydrogenase

57
Q

where is calcium absorbed?

A

actively in duodenum and passively in jejunum

58
Q

acute form of childhood protein-energy malnutrition characterized by anorexia, edema, enlarged liver with fatty infiltrates, irritability, ulcerating dermatoses

A

kwashiokor

59
Q

severe protein energy malnutrition characterized by energy deficiency and characterized by extensive tissue/muscle wasting and variable edema

A

marasmus

60
Q

maximal glucose administration for TPN delivered through central line

A

3 g/kg/hr

61
Q

half life of pre albumin

A

2-3 days

62
Q

half life of albumin

A

14-20 days

63
Q

half life of transferrin

A

8-9 days

64
Q

weaning from ventilator can occur if

A

excess glucose hence RQ greater 1

more CO2 produced than O2 consumed

65
Q

etomidate can cause what electrolyte abnormality?

A

hyponatremia (sodium excretion)

hyperkalemia (potassium retention)

66
Q

best nutrition access method for critically ill burn patient

A

nasojejunal

67
Q

how does trypsinogen turn into trypsin

A

enterokinase in intestinal brush border

68
Q

how many calories does an unstressed adult need

A

25-35 kcal/kg

69
Q

how many calories does an adult in a catabolic state need

A

35-40 kcal/kg

Rosalynn's ABSITE (33 decks)

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