Burn Flashcards

1
Q

What are the qualifications to transfer to a burn center?

A

->10% TBSA partial thickness burns
-partial thickness burns or deeper to the face, hands, feet, genitalia, perineum, and joints
-third degree burns
-burns in patients w/significant comorbidities
-pts when advanced rehab needs
-burns in children

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2
Q

airway damage from burn exposure is caused by?

A

inhaled toxins

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3
Q

is singed facial hair have high sensitivity to predict inhalation injury

A

no

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4
Q

what quantifies mild hypothermia?

A

90-94 degrees F
shivering and mild mental changes
maybe some tachycardia to increase cardiac output

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5
Q

what quantifies moderate hypothermia?

A

94-89 degrees F or 28.9-31.7 C
agitated or combative
muscle spasticity, dilated pupils, slowing of respirations, afib, hypotension, decreased vascular resistance

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6
Q

what quantifies severe hypothermia?

A

70-84 F or 21.1 - 28.9 C
EKG changes (prolonged QRS or Osborn waves), flaccid/comatose, ventricular fibrillation, death

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7
Q

what is profound hypothermia?

A

<70F or <21.1 C
loss of vital signs, cardiac activity, and EEG tracings

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8
Q

what is the first treatment for hydrofluoric acid burn?

A

2.5% calcium gluconate gel to burned areas, if burn persists can use 5% calcium gluconate can be injected intradermally around The affected areas

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9
Q

what does hydrofluoric acid burn cause?

A

life threatening hypocalcemia because the HF acid binds calcium and can lead to cardiac arrest

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10
Q

what is characteristic of a full thickness burn?

A

non blanching white, leathery, painless

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11
Q

what is a fourth degree burn?

A

extends through entire skin into the underlying fat, muscle, and bone

looks dry, black, charred, with eschar

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12
Q

what is a deep second degree burn

A

Depth to the reticular dermis
Dry, yellow or white, less blanching, insensate, may be slightly painful

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13
Q

what is a superficial second degree burn

A

depth to the papillary dermis
moist, redness with clear blisters, blanches with pressure, painful

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14
Q

what is a first degree burn

A

depth to epidermis
dry, red, without blisters, painful

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15
Q

what is a side effect of bacitracin?

A

nephrotoxicity and anaphylaxis

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16
Q

which topicals can penetrate eschar?

A

Mafenide acetate and silver nitrate

17
Q

which topical to use with exposed cartilage?

A

Mafenide acetate

18
Q

what topical should you used for superficial MRSA

19
Q

which topical can cause methemoglobinuria?

A

silver nitrate

20
Q

which topical is painful?

A

mafenide acetate

21
Q

does silver sulfadiazine penetrate eschar?

22
Q

when doing an escharotomy, do you incise the muscle fascia?

A

no - that would be a fasciotomy

23
Q

what does frost nip look like

A

ice crystal formation on surface of the skin, no tissue damage

treat with rewarming, no long term sequelae

24
Q

what does a first degree frost bite look like?

A

injury limited to the epidermis, edema, white plaque formation

treat with rewarming, +/- topical ointment
sensory loss may take time to recover, no permanent tissue loss

25
what does second degree frost bite look like?
injury extends to the dermis, clear blisters rewarm and wound care +/- skin grafting blister may form an esher that eventually sloughs off no permanent tissue loss
26
what does a third degree frost bite look like?
injury extends to subcutaneous tissue, hemorrhagic blisters, black eschar rewarming, intensive wound care, permanent tissue loss is possible, skin or tissue grafting is necessary, may need amputation
27
what does a fourth degree frost bite look like?
extends to muscle, bone complete necrosis, mummification Rewarming and intensive wound care Will need amputation
28
what is the Parkland formula?
4 ml x weight (kg) x TSBA (%) first half of volume given over first 8 hours then second half over next 16 hrs