Immunology/oncology

Question 1

Peutz jaegers syndrome is associated with what other cancer besides colon cancer

Answer 1

breast, pancreas, uterus, testis, cervix, ovary, lung
hamartomatous polyps in GI tract (small bowel and stomach)
hyperpigmented macules on buccal mucosa/digits

Question 2

Desmoid tumors are associated what syndrome

Answer 2

Gardner syndrome

subtype of FAP

Question 3

Immunotherapy for metastatic melanoma that is PD-L1 negative but positive for BRAF mutation

Answer 3

Ipilimumab, a cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 inhibitor

Question 4

Immunotherapy for metastatic melanoma that is PD-L1 POSITIVE

Answer 4

Nivolumab, PD-L1 inhibitor

Question 5

Immunotherapy for metastatic/unresectable melanoma with V600E mutation

Answer 5

Vemurafenib

Question 6

Best way to biopsy soft tissue sarcoma regardless of size

Answer 6

Core needle biopsy

Question 7

undifferentiated spindle cell tumors can be treated with

Answer 7

neoadjuvant chemo and excision with wide margins

Question 8

what kind of bacteria is C. diff?

Answer 8

gram positive anaerobic spore forming heat resistance

makes Toxin A and B (Toxin A results in intestine necrosis)

Question 9

how does toxin A work

Answer 9

increased intestinal permeability
damages brush border membranes
erosion of colonic mucosa

Question 10

what are the secondary lymphoid organs

Answer 10

lymph nodes
spleen
Peter patches
tonsil
adenoids (MALT)
maintain current lymphocytes and initiate adaptive immune response

Question 11

which immunoglobulin is given during breast feeding

Answer 11

IgA

Question 12

what are risk factors for septic complications in trauma patients in the ICU

Answer 12

increased age
male gender
prolonged ICU stay
prolonged ventilator requirement

Question 13

Lynch syndrome is associated with what cancers

Answer 13

colorectal
endometrial
transitional cell cancer of the ureter and renal pelvis
gastric
small bowel
ovarian 
pancreatic

Question 14

Vinyl chloride or arsenic exposure is associated with what cancer

Answer 14

hepatic angiosarcoma

Question 15

aromatic amines, smoking, males are associated with what cancer

Answer 15

transitional cell cancer of the bladder

Question 16

MCC of diarrheal disease in HIV

Answer 16

CMV

Question 17

diarrheal disease in HIV is usually d/t

Answer 17

infectious enterocolitis

neutropenic colitis

Question 18

what cancer has the highest percentage of ras mutations

Answer 18

pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Question 19

What immunotherapy is for anaplastic thyroid cancer

Answer 19

dabrafenib and trametinib

for cancers with BRAF V600E mutation

Question 20

yolk sac tumor

Answer 20

increased AFP

Question 21

germ cell tumors (seminoma, dysgerminoma, choriocarcinoma, embryonal carcinoma)

Answer 21

HCG

Question 22

epithelial storm tumors (mutinous and endometriod carcinoma)

sex cord stromal tumors (granulose and sertoli-leydig cell tumors)

Answer 22

inhibin

Question 23

epithelial ovarian cancer

Answer 23

CA 125

Question 24

67 year old man gets bone marrow transplant for hematological malignancy. Recovered well until 2 months ago when he got diarrhea and diffuse maculopapular rash

Answer 24

graft versus host disease (T cell mediated disease against host tissue)
differentiation of donor T lymphocytes into Th1 and Th17 effector lineages

Question 25

Fluconazole

Answer 25

use for oropharyngeal and esophageal candidiasis

causes liver toxicity, GI upset, rash

Question 26

ehinocandins (micafungin, capsofungin, anidulafungin)

Answer 26

invasive candidiasis

causes GI upset, rash (capsofungin), infusion reaction (capsofungin), thrombocytopenia (micafungin)

Question 27

voriconazole

Answer 27

aspergillosis

causes visual changes, vivid dreams, psychosis, hepatotoxicity, phototoxicity

Question 28

amphotericin B

Answer 28

mucormycosis

causes infusion reaction, nephrotoxicity, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia