electrolytes

Question 1

TURP syndrome is

Answer 1

hyponatremia d/t absorption of irrigation fluid

give hypertonic saline

Question 2

LR should be avoided in

Answer 2

hypercalcemic crisis

very high serum potassium levels with end stage renal disease

Question 3

large volumes of stoma output leads to

Answer 3

loss of sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, and bicarbonate like anions (propionate, acetate, butyrate)

non anion gap (hyperchloremic) metabolic acidosis

Question 4

GOO and vomiting leads to

Answer 4

hypokalemic, hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis

Question 5

prolonged QT interval

Answer 5

hypocalemia

Question 6

hypercalcemia

Answer 6

polyuria

Question 7

treatment of chronic euvolemic hyponatremia

Answer 7

fluid restriction

Question 8

how much sodium do you need a day

Answer 8

2 mEq/day

Question 9

how much potassium do you need a day

Answer 9

1 mEq/day

Question 10

how much water do you need a day

Answer 10

30 ml/kg + whatever loses

Question 11

MC electrolyte abnormality of Sheehan syndrome is

Answer 11

hyponatremia

Question 12

how much is lost by saliva

Answer 12

1500 ml

Question 13

how much is lost by stomach

Answer 13

1-2 L

Question 14

how much is lost by biliary

Answer 14

500 ml

Question 15

how much is lost by pancreatic

Answer 15

500-1500 ml

Question 16

how much is lost by small bowel

Answer 16

1500 ml

Question 17

the small bowel absorbs

Answer 17

8500 ml

Question 18

the large bowel absorbs

Answer 18

400 ml

Question 19

preferred maintenance fluid for peds

Answer 19

D5 NS with 20 K

Question 20

electrolyte abnormalities with tumor lysis syndrome

Answer 20

hyperkalemia
hyperphosphatemia
hypocalcemia
AKI

Question 21

does rhabdomyolysis cause non anion gap or anion gap acidosis?

Answer 21

non anion gap metabolic acidosis

Question 22

non anion gap acidosis causes

Answer 22

HAARDUPS
hyperalimentation
acetazolamide
amphotericin B
renal tubular acidosis (rhabdo)
diarrhea
ureteroenterostomy
pancreatic fistula
sulfamylon (mafenide acetate - inhibits carbonic anhydrase)

Question 23

lithium toxicity can result in

Answer 23

hypercalcemia
hypermagnesemia
hypocalciuria

Question 24

secondary hyperparathyroidism

Answer 24

decreased or normal calcium
increased PTH
increased or decreased phosphate

Question 25

primary hyperparathyroidism

Answer 25

increased calcium
increased PTH
decreased phosphate

Question 26

lithium toxicity

Answer 26

increased calcium
increased or normal PTH
normal phosphate

Question 27

primary hypoparathyroidism

Answer 27

decreased calcium and PTH

increased phosphate

Question 28

ADH acts at

Answer 28

mainly V2 in distal nephrons

Question 29

hypermagnesemia

Answer 29

loss of deep tendon reflexes