Nutrients Flashcards
unit of energy expended when 1 kg is moved 1 meter by a force of 1 Newton
Joule
In direct calorimetry, energy value of food is referred to as ___
heat combustion
In indirect calorimetry, energy value is based on
amount of oxygen used in burning sample AND carbon dioxide produced
another name for glucose
dextrose
also called levulose
fructose
formed at hydrolysis of lactose (aside from glucose)
galactose
least sweet of all sugars
lactose
Resistant starch controls diabetes, true or false?
true
intermediate of starch and glucose; found in starch and glucose
dextrin
Which has hypocholesterolemic and hypoglycemic effects?
a. insoluble fiber
b. soluble fiber
c. both
b. soluble fiber
Which prevents constipation and hemorrhoids?
a. insoluble fiber
b. soluble fiber
c. both
A
Which comes from non-structural components of plants?
a. insoluble fiber
b. soluble fiber
c. both
B
Which comes from cell wall components of plants?
a. insoluble fiber
b. soluble fiber
c. both
A
Which is a complete protein?
a. zein in corn
b. gliadin in wheat
c. casein in milk
C
Which is a partially complete protein?
a. zein in corn
b. gliadin in wheat
c. casein in milk
B
Which is an incomplete protein?
a. zein in corn
b. gliadin in wheat
c. casein in milk
A
Differentiate partially complete protein from incomplete protein
partially complete - can maintain life but not support growth
incomplete - cannot do both
Vit B1 is part of this coenzyme used in energy metabolism
thiamin pyrophosphate
Vit B1 deficiency leads to….
beri-beri
Vit B2 is part of these coenzymes
flavin mononucleotide
flavin adenine dinucleotide
deficiency of Vit B2
Ariboflavinosis
Vit B3 is part of this coenzyme
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
deficiency of Vit B3
pellagra
Vit B6 is part of these coenzymes
pyridoxal phosphate
pyriodxamine phosphate
not possible effect of biotin deficiency
a. depression
b. lethargy
c. hallucination
d. diarrhea
D
not possible effect of Vit B6 deficiency
a. scaly dermatitis
b. microcytic anemia
c. confusions
d. liver damage
D
Vit B6 helps convert tryptophan to __ and __
niacin
serotonin
false about folic acid
a. activates vitamin B3
b. helps synthesize DNA for new cell growth
c. deficiency may cause megaloblastic anemia/smooth red tongue
A; B12 dapat
false about Vit B12/cobalamin
a. activates folate
b. helps synthesize DNA for new cell growth, protects nerve cells
c. may lead to microcytic anemia if there is deficiency
C; either pernicious or megaloblastic dapat
choline is needed for synthesis of acetylcholine and ___
lecithin
Vit C deficiency may lead to all except
a. poor wound healing
b. pellagra
c. scurvy
d. bone fragility
B
true or false: retinol may be obtained from milk products
true
Which is not a consequence of VitA deficiency?
a. night blindness
b. keratinization
c. infectious diseases
d. rickets
D
Which is mismatched?
a. Vit E - antioxidant
b. Vit D - bone mineralization
c. Vit K - blood clot proteins synthesis
d. Vit A - activates Vit B12
D
Vit A is for vision
Which is false?
A. Vit D helps folate build proteins
B. Vitamin A prevents destruction of Vit E in intestines
C. Vit B1 helps niacin, pantothenic acid and calcium in producing digestive enzymes
C
Magnesium, not Calcium
define phytochemicals
non-nutrient compounds in plant-derived foods with biological activity in the body
Benzopyrene - broiled foods
nitrosamine - nitrite-treated foods
these are __
mutagens
oxalates, phythates and goitrogens ___ nutrition
enhance, inhibit
inhibit
flavonoids, carotenoids and isoflavones are __-
a. mutagens
b. additives
c. phytochemicals
C
