Nucleotides Flashcards
What is PNA ?
Peptide Nucleic Acid: artificially synthesized polymer
Describe PNA s structure and differces between other nucleic acids
have a backbone to which repetitive N-(2-aminoethyl) glycine unites are linked by peptide bonds, and purine pyrimiden nucleobases attached by methylere carbonyl bonds
the backbone is very stable. DNA’ya bağlanarak RNA sentezini inhibe edebilir
Which form of bases are more stable and dominant?
Beto and amino
What is the problem of using PNA? What is the solition?
It penetrates very little into cells. It can peratrate now with bonding with another molecules
What is endo and exo Structure in ribose?
When a carbon is on the some plane with other arbons it is alled exo when it is not it is called endo
What are the roles of GTP, CTP and UTP?
GTP= protein synthesis
CTP= phospholipid synthesis
UTP=glycogen synthesis
What are the precursor aa. s of nucleotides ?
Aspartate glycine and glutamine
is sugar-phosphate backbone charged positive or negative?
negative and hydrophilic
how does circular DNA found in nature?
in supercoil shape
explain negative and positive supercoil structure
Negative: rotated to the right, found in natural DNA. takes its shape with ATP energy and with DNA gyrace enzyme. It turns back normal shape with the enzyme called topoisomerase
Positive: rotated to the left, doesn’t found in nature
the forces that stabilize the nuckic acid structure
- sugar-phosphate backbon e
- base match
- It bond and van Der Waals
4.ionic bon ds - duble s DNA
- Mg++
right handed double helix
B-form of DNA
what is the importance of duble helix
1- self replication
2- transcription to MRNA
3-repair
…
When does triple helix occurs?
1- DNA folds
2- RNA synthesis
3_ recombinational DNA repair
4-under in vitro conditions
function of RNA s
1_ information transfer
2_structural and catalytic role in ribosumes
3_transformation of information into protein
4- control of gene expression
5_processing of other RNAS
6_hereditary information Molecule (for viruses)
