Nucleic acids and ATP Flashcards
Name the pentose sugars in DNA & RNA
Deoxyribose
Ribose
State the role of DNA in living cells
Base sequence of genes codes for functional RNA& amino acid sequence for polypeptides
Genetic information determines inherited characteristics = influences structure and functions of organisms
State the role of mRna (Type of RNA)
Complementary sequence to 1 gene from DNA with introns (non coding regions) spliced out. Codons can be translated into a polypeptide by ribosomes
State the role of rRNA (type of RNA)
Component of ribosomes (along with proteins)
State the role of tRNA( type of rna)
Supplies complementary amino acid to mRNA codons during translation
Describe the structure of DNA
Double helix of 2 polynucleotide strands (Deoxyribose)
H-bonds between complementary purine and pyrimidine base pairs in opposite strands:
Adrenaline(A) +Thymine(T)
Guanine(G) + Cytosine(C)
Which bases are purine and which are pyrimdine
A&G = 2 ring purine bases
T & C & U= 1- ring pyrimdine bases
Name the complementary base pairs in DNA
2 H-bond between
Adrenaline(A) + Thymine (T)
3 H-bonds between Guanine(G)+Cytosine(C)
Name the complementary base pairs in RNA
2 H bonds between
Adrenaline (A) + Uracil (U)
3 H bonds between
Guanine(G) + Cytosine (C)
Name the complementary base pairs in RNA
2 H bonds between
Adrenaline (A) + Uracil (U)
3 H bonds between
Guanine(G) + Cytosine (C)
Relate the structure of DNA to its functions
Sugar-phosphate backbone& many H bonds provide stability
Long molecules stored lots of information
Helix is compact for storage in nucleus
Base sequence of triplets codes for amino acids
Double stranded for semi conservative replication
Complementary bare pairing for accurate replication
Weak H-bonds break so strands separate for replication
Describe the structure of messenger RNA (mRNA)
Long ribose polynucleotide (but shorter than DNA)
Contains Uracil instead of thymine
Single stranded and linear (no complementary base pairing)
Codon sequence is complementary to exons of 1 gene from 1 DNA strand
Relate the structure of messenger RNA to its functions
Breaks down quickly so no excess polypeptides forms
Ribosomes can move along strand & tRNA can bind to exposed bases
Can be translated into specific polypeptide by ribosomes
Describe the structure of transfer RNA(tRNA)
Single strand of about 80 nucleotides
Folded into clover shape
Anticodon on one end ,amino acid binding site on the other
anticodon binds to complementary mRNA codon
Amino acid corresponds to anticodon
Order DNA, mRNA and tRNA according to increasing length
tRNA mRNA DNA