1.2 Carbohydrates-Monosaccharides Flashcards
What are the 4 elements that make up most polymers
C
O
N
H
Define monomer
Smaller repeating units from which larger molecules are made
Why is carbon a very important element
Carbon atoms very readily form bonds with other carbon atoms which forms a ‘backbone’ which other atoms can be attached to
What are monosaccharides and Give three examples of monosaccharides
They are also known as hexose surgars
Monomers from which larger carbohydrates are made
Galactose
Fructose
Glucose
All have the formula C6H12O6
What are disaccharides and how are they formed
Two monosaccharides joined together by a glycosidc bond
Formed by a condensation reaction releasing a water molecule
What are polysaccharides and how are they formed
Many monosaccharides joined together with glycosidic bonds
Formed by many condensation reactions releasing water molecules
What are the two isomers of glucose called and what are the differences between them
Alpha
Beta
OH group is below carbon 1 in alpha glucose
OH group is above carbon 1 in beta glucose
Define polymer
Molecules made up of lots of monomers bonded together
Name the type of bond formed whne monosaccharides react
(1,4 or 1,6) Glycosidic bonds
Describe the benedict’s test for reducing sugars
- Add benedicts solution(blue) to sample
- Heat in a boiling water bath
- positive result:colour change from blue to orange and brick red precipitate forms
What is the difference in Alpha and Beta glucose
On carbon 1 in alpha glucose the hydrogen is on top of it but for Beta on carbon q the hydroxyl is on the top and hydrogen on the bottom
What is a reducing sugar
Sugars that can reduce (give an electron to) the copper sulphate in benedict’s reagent to copper oxide
Give examples of polymers and the monomers from which theyre made from
Nucelotide–>polynucleotide
Monosaccharide–>polysaccharide
Amino acid–> polypeptide
