1.6 Proteins Flashcards
What are proteins made up of
Amino acids
Describe the structure of an amino acid (like the groups in the amino acid)
*Amine group (NH2) on the left
* Carboxyl group on the right (C=OOH)
* R group/ variable group at the top
and a C and a H below the carbon
Describe how amino acids are joined together to form a dipeptide
- Condensation reaction
- Water is removed
- Peptide bond forms between OH of carboxyl and H of the Amine group
What is the name of the bond between the amine group and the carboxyl group
Peptide bond
What are proteins
Polymers made up of the monomer amino acids
What are the 4 different level of structure in a protein
Primary
Seconday
Teritiary
Quarternary
What is the primary structure is
The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain
What is the secondary structure
- Folding (repeating patterns) of polypeptide chains e.g. alpha helix or beta pleated sheets
- Due to hydrogen bonds between amino acids
- between the NH and C=O
What are the secondary structures held together by
Hydrogen bonds hold them together
Where do the Hydrogen Bonds form in the secondary structure
Between the C=O group of the Carboxyl group of one amino acid and the H in the Amine group of another amino acid
What is the tertiary structure
*Protein gets further foldings of the secondary structure
*Forming a unique 3D shape
*Held in place by Ionic, Hydrogen and disulphide bonds
Where do the ionic and Disuphide bonds form in the tertiary structure
Between the R groups of different amino acids
When do you get disulphide bonds
If both amino acids have sulphur in their R groups
Describe the quaternary structure of a protein
More than one polypeptide chain
Formed by interactions between polypeptides (hydrogen bonds ionic bonds and disulfide bridges)
What is an example of a quarternary structure protein
Haemoglobin
