Nucleic Acids

Question 1

5 functions of nucleotides

Answer 1

Energetics, intracellular signaling, metabolism/coenzymes, oligosaccharide structure, and genetics.

Question 2

RNA vs DNA chemically

Answer 2

RNA has extra oxygen at 2’ carbon. Both negatively charged.

Question 3

Nucleotide vs nucleoside

Answer 3

Nucleoside only has sugar and base, nucleotide has sugar, base, and phosphate.

Question 4

Nucleoside bases

Answer 4

Adenosine, guanosine, cytosine, uridine, thymidine

Question 5

Purines

Answer 5

Labeled as R. Adenine and guanine. Double ring structure. Guanine has oxygen

Question 6

Pyrimidines

Answer 6

Cytosine, uracil, thymine. One ring, uracil and thymine have two O. Thymine with extra C.

Question 7

RNA capping modifies which carbon?

Answer 7

2’

Question 8

Where is DNA found?

Answer 8

Cell nucleus and mitochondria

Question 9

Bonds between nucleotides

Answer 9

G and C 3 bond.

A and T 2 bond.

Question 10

DNA structure when basepaired

Answer 10

Antiparallel, major and minor groove.

Question 11

RNA internal structure

Answer 11

Can basepair with itself to form secondary structure.

Question 12

DNA conformation

Answer 12

Can be supercoiled or relaxed. Supercoiling can be - or +, needs energy input. Supercoiling requires breaking and rejoining strand. Left handed negative

Question 13

Topoisomerase

Answer 13

Enzymes that wind and unwind dna. Two types.

Question 14

DNA denaturing

Answer 14

Needs high temp. Higher with more GC. Needs low salt.