Cell Signaling Flashcards

(27 cards)

1
Q

What does absence of signaling cause

A

Apoptosis

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2
Q

5 types of signaling

A

Endocrine- hormonal, long range. Blood stream
Paracrine- nearby, diffusion
Neuronal- very close, synapses
Contact dependent- cells linked by signal
Autocrine- cell signals self

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3
Q

Signal components

A

Ligand, receptor, intracellular signal proteins, target proteins

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4
Q

Is ligand concentration high or low

A

Low, and affinity is very high

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5
Q

Two types of receptor

A

Cell surface and intracellular. Intra requires small hydrophobic signal like a steroid

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6
Q

Domains of intracellular signal protein

A

Dna binding, ligand binding, transcription activation, inhibitory or promoter

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7
Q

Types of cell surface receptors

A

Ion channel linked(bind to allow ions in), G protein linked (7 pass), and enzyme linked (single pass)

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8
Q

Secondary signal protein uses

A

Turn signal on or off, amplify signal, or split signal

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9
Q

Can response proteins do different things with same signal, or same with different?

A

Yes

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10
Q

Which is slower: dna pathway or altered protein pathway

A

DNA pathway

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11
Q

G protein receptor pathway

A

Receptor binds signal, causing protein to bind G protein. Makes gtp, and splitting trimer into two. Alpha unit activates target and makes gdp, rebinding to trimer

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12
Q

cAMP pathway

A

G protein. Activates a protein that makes cAMP, activates protein kinase A, which goes to nucleus to phosphorylate.

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13
Q

Ca signaling pathway

A

G protein activated. Activates phospholipase C, which releases inositol, opening Ca channel in ER, activating Protein kinase c

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14
Q

Enzyme pathways

A

Generally receptor tyrosine kinase. Involve dimer signals. Which dimerize tyrosine kinase, P itself to make signal complex

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15
Q

What do phosphorylation sites on RTKs do?

A

Serve as protein docking sites

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16
Q

What are signal transduction switches and what types?

A

Turn signal on or off. Kinase type and gtpase type.

17
Q

SRC domains and functions

A
N and C lobe- ATP between
SH1- kinase
SH2- phosphotyrosine binding 
SH3- protein binding 
SH4- binds membrane
18
Q

SRC pathway

A

Nonreceptor TKR. Tail Dephosphorylated to open, then loop is phosphorylated, opening catalytic cleft. Three states

19
Q

RAS basics

A

RTK linked to GTPase. Tethered to membrane.

20
Q

RAS pathway

A

Activated by GEF, forcing in GTP. Then signals, and GAP induces GTP hydrolysis inactivation, turning off. Activates MAP kinase cascade.

21
Q

JAK-STAT pathway

A

RTK. Cytokine binds, binding JaK to itself. Then it phosphorylates itself twice, where STAT binds and dimerizes

22
Q

NF-kB path

A

Activates inhibitor kinase, which degrades inhibitor of NF-kB

23
Q

TGF- b pathway

A

Type 2 receptor binds signal(BMP), which binds and phosphorylates type 1. Activates smads

24
Q

Wnt pathway

A

Frizzled binds receptor, activating disheveled, which prevents GSK from degrading beta catenin

25
Hedgehog pathway
Sonic binds, preventing patched from inhibiting smoothened, which prevents GLI from being cut. Normally repressor, now inducer.
26
Cell contact path (Notch)
Delta binds notch, connecting cells. Pulls up notch, allowing cleavage. Lowers notch, further cleavage. Bit inside goes to nucleus. Differentiation.
27
Types of combinatorial action
Integration, divergence, cross talk, specialization.