NTs Flashcards
In what state of mind is NE elevated in?
in ANXIETY
IN what mood disorder is NE reduced in?
How to incr. it?
- DEPRESSION
- —incr. with SSRIs/ MOAis/ TCA
What is the NE source?
LOCUS ceruleus
When may the Locus Ceruleus be active?
And why?
in Opiate withdrawal
—-pts are very agitated, sympathetic system is RAMPED up
Where is dopamine synthesized?
Midbrain:
- Substantia Nigra
- Ventral Tegmentum
When is dopamine levels decr.?
- PARKINSON’S
- DEPRESSION
When is dopamine elevated?
- in Schizophrenia
What is given for psychosis ?
- DOPAMINE blockers
- HALOPERIDOL
What is given for Parkinson’s?
- drugs that AGONIZE dopamine
- –LEVODOPA and CARBIDOPA
Name the dopamine pathways.
- Mesocortical Pathway
- Mesolimbic Pathway
- Nigrostriatatal pathway
- Tuboinfundibular pathway
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia is related to which dopaminergic pathway?
- Mesocortical pathway
Where is GABA produced?
When is this area particularly activated?
- Nucleuc Accumbens
- in DRUG ADDICTION and FEAR
When is GABA levels reduced?
- Anxiety and Huntington’s
What is the action GABA has on neurones?
- it triggers the OPENING of Cl- channels
- causing HYPERPOLARIZATION of the neurones
What is the source of serotonin?
- Raphe Nucleus
When is serotonin levels low?
- Depression
- Anxiety
What NTs are depleted in anxiety?
- GABA
- serotonin
What is the SOURCE of ACh?
- basal nucleus of Meynert
When are ACh levels increased?
- in REM sleep
When are ACh levels depleted?
- Alzheimer’s Disease
- Huntington’s disease
Name the MAJOR excitatory neurone in the brain.
GLUTAMATE
NMDA-r
Which condition involves glutamate toxicity?
- huntington’s
- —-excessive influx of CALCIUM into the neurone on binding of the glutamate to the NMDA receptor> cell death
What occurs on smoking/ inhaling “Angel dust”/ PCP?
- antagonist to NMDA receptor
- —VIOLENT behaviour/ hallucinations
- —ATAXIA/ nystagmus
- –hypertension/ tachycardia/ diaphoresis
