MEMORY Flashcards
What are the 3 types of HUMAN memory?
- sensory memory
- Short-term memory
- Long-term memory
What are the diff. types of Long term memory?
- Implicit (unconscious memory)
- Explicit (Conscious memory)
Name a type of implicit memory.
procedural memory
-riding a cycle
Name a 2 types of declarative memory.
- semantic (facts)
- Episodic memory (events)
What is anterograde amnesia?
- the inability to form new memories since the onset of ILLNESS/ INJURY
What is retrograde amnesia?
- difficulty in remembering INFO. PRIOR to onset of illness (childhood memories)
How is language affected in dementia?
- lose LANGUAGE skills
- may be withdrawn from social interaction
Why may dementia arise in an individual?
- d/t disease of the BRAIN (of a chronic/progressive nature)
- disturbance to MULTIPLE higher cortical functions (memory, orientation, lang, judgement)
- consciousness is intact
Dementia is commonly seen in which other brain condition?
- Alzheimer’s
- CVD
Which symptoms must be presented for Dementia to be diagnosed?
2 or MORE of the following:
- forgetfulness
- memory loss
- confusion
- poor reasoning
- personality changes
- inability to focus
- poor judgement
- visual perception
How may the emotions vary across Dementia, Depression AND dELIRIUM?
- dementia: Shallow, labile, irritable
- Delirium: aggressive, fearful and irritable
- Depression: flat, unresponsive
What form of perception is seen in Delirum, Dementia and Depression?
- delirium: VISUAL and AUDITORY hallucinations are common
- Depression: auditory
- Dementia: 30-40% experience Hallucinations
What is the most RAPID assessment for Delirium?
4AT
- Alertness
- AMT-4 (age/DOB/Place/Current year)
- Attention (months backwards)
- Acute/ fluctuating course
4AT is NOT the only test to be aware of.
Those with suspected cognitive impairment
- MMSE should be done
- —give a score out of 30
- 20-24: mild dementia
- <12: SEVERE dementia
What are disadvantages of MMSE?
- not adjustable for AGE
- poor examin. of executive fxn
- may not indicate problem in early stages