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NEUROLOGY > anatomy of SOL > Flashcards

anatomy of SOL Flashcards

1
Q

Wh y can’t the brain afford to have a space occupying lesion?

What is meant by an SOL?

A
  • no spare room in the skull

—an SOL: ABNORMAL tissue taking up space; can be ACUTE or SUB-ACUTE intracranial pathologies

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2
Q

Risk of raised icp?

A
  • herniation
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3
Q

What is the skull capable of holding?

A
  • coping with SLOW-rate expansion
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4
Q

What are the layers of the scalp?

A 
S- SKIN
C- Connective tissue
A- Aponeurosis
L- Loose Connective Tissue 
P- Pericranium
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5
Q

What holds the arteries of the scalp?

A
  • connective tissue
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6
Q

What gives rise to the Scalp branches?

A
  • external carotid artery
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7
Q

What is significant about the sutures of your skull?

A
  • help PREVENT skull fractures from spreadin
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8
Q

What is the pterion?

A
  • H-shaped
  • —lateral aspect of the head; where the frontal, parietal, temporal and sphenoid bones meet.
  • —THINNEST part of the skull
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9
Q

What is blood vessel is the pterion a.w?

A
  • middle meningeal artery, course over the DEEP aspect of the pterion
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10
Q

Label the image of the skull found at the end of the NEURO IMU teaching

A
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11
Q

WHat is the dura mater? What is it also known as?

A
  • aka the “hard mother”

- –TOUGH/FIBROUS; outer-most meningeal layer

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12
Q

Which nerve supplies the DURA mater?

A

CNV Sensory supply

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13
Q

What does the dura mater enclose?

A
  • encloses the DURAL venous sinuses
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14
Q

What is significant about the arachnoid mater?

A
  • —has arachnoid granulations (to reabsorb CSF)

- –aka Spidery mother

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15
Q

What circulates within the subarachnoid space?

A
  • CSF
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16
Q

What is the PIA mater?

A
  • —the “faithful” mother

- —adheres to the brain and the blood vessels and nerves entering/ leaving the brain

17
Q

What is the diaphragm sellae?

A
  • tough sheet of DURA mater forming a ROOF over the pituitary fossa
18
Q

What is the tentorium cerebelli? What lies in its centre?

A
  • –sheet of DURA tenting over the cerebellum

- –has a central gap to allow the brainstem to pass through

19
Q

WHere does the tentorium cerebelli attach to?

A
  • the ridges of the PETROUS temporal bones
20
Q

What is the falx cerebri made of?

What does it attach to>

A
  • dura mater
  • attaches to the DEEP aspect of the skull -crista galli of the ethmoid - ANTERIORLY
  • —internal aspect of the Sagittal suture, mediallu
  • –internal occipital protuberance posteriorly
21
Q

What does the right common carotid artery split into?

A
  • Right internal carotid artery

- Right external carotid artery

22
Q

Through what foramen does the R internal carotid artery enter the cranium?

A
  • the CAROTID canal
23
Q

Which artery predominantly supplies the scalp, neck and face

A
  • right EXTERNAL carotid artery
24
Q

Describe the course of the R vertebral artery.

A
  • passes through TRANSVERSE foraminae in the cervical vertebrae
  • to enter the cranial cavity, enters trough the foramen magnum
25
Q

What supplies the MEDIAL aspect of the cerebral hemisphere?

A

anterior cerebral artery

26
Q

What supplies the POSTERIOR aspect of the cerebral hemisphere?

A

—–posterior cerebral artery

27
Q

What supplies the lateral aspect of the cerebral hemisphere?

A
  • middle cerebral artery
28
Q

Where is the circle of willis found?

A
  • inferior to the MIDBRAIN
  • closesly related to the PITUITARY stalk and the OPTIC chiasm
  • —-found within the subarachnoid space
29
Q

How much CSF is made in a day?

A

400-500ml

30
Q

Where is csf produced and reabsorbed?

A
  • produced by the choroid plexus in the LATERAL ventricles

- —reabsorbed into the DURAL venous sinsuses via the subarachnoid granulations

31
Q

At what levels can LP be performed?

A
  • L3/L4
    OR
  • L4/L5 IV discs
32
Q

Describe the course of CSF circulation.

A
  • CSF is produced by the choroid plexus (lateral and 3rd V)
  • Flows through Foraminae of Monro to the 3rd ventricles
  • passes through the cerebral aqueduct to the 4th ventricle
  • passes to the subarachnoid space around the brain and the spinal cord, through 3 small foraminae.
33
Q

Where are the lateral ventricles located?

A
  • within the cerebral hemispheres
34
Q

Where is the 3rd ventricle found?

A
  • midline WITHIN the diencephalon
35
Q

Where is the 4th ventricle found?

A
  • between cerebellum and the pons
36
Q

When may hydrocephalus occur?

A
  • with excessive prodn. obstruction to flow, or INADEQUATE reabsorption
37
Q

Which space is the circle of willis found?

A

in the SUBARACHNOID space

38
Q

How does subdural hemmorrhage occur?

A
  • with TORN cerebral veins

occurs with FALLS in elderly

39
Q

What causes a subarachnoid haemorrhage?

A
  • RUPTURED CIRCLE of WILLIS

- -congenital

NEUROLOGY (36 decks)

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