BACK, SPINE Flashcards
What do the skin dimple on the lower back rep?
PSIS
posterior superior iliac spine
THe role of the extrinsic back muscles?
MOVES UPPER limb
What is the role of the intrinsic back muscle?
- maintains back posture
- moves spine
- supports the spine
Why is it referred to as “intrinsic” back muscles?
- it’s entirely within the BACK
Name the extrinsic back muscles.
- rhomboids
- Latissimus Dorsi
- Trapezius
- Levator Scapulae
Name the 2 gr.s of intrinsic back muscles.
- erector spinae
2. transversospinalis (deep)
How many muscle grs. a.w the erector spinae?
3 vertical muscle groups LATERAL to the spine
Where are the erector spinae muscle groups attached, inferiorly and superiorly?
INFERIORLY: COMMON tendon attaches to the SACRUM and the ILIAC crest
- superiorly: individual muscle fibres attach (via tendon) to: a rib/ transverse process/ spinous process
Where is the transversospinalis muscle located?
- within the GROOVES between the TRANSVERSE and SPINOUS processes
Where does the transversospinalis muscle attach to ?
Between the:
- skull and vertebra
- rib and vertebra
- one vertebra to another
- the SACRUM and the vertebra
What is the nerve supply for each intrinsic back muscles?
- segmental nerve supply (dermatome/ myotome pattern
- POSTERIOR RAMI branches (cervical/ thoracic/ lumbar)
Name the muscles of the posterior abdominal wall.
- psoas major
- Quadratus Lumborum
(seen antero-lateral to the vertebra)
Muscles of the anterior abdominal wall?
- transversus abdominis
- internal oblique
- external oblique
What occurs with the intrinsic muscle on lateral flexion?
- unilateral contraction of erector spinae
Why do the vertebra increase in size as you descend the spine, until the sacrum?
- because each vertebra would have to bear more weight, as you go lower down the spine
- —-the vertebrae become smaller once wgt has been transferred to the HIP bones
How many adult vertebrae in total?
What is the distribution like?
33 in total
- 7 cervical
- 12 thoracic
- 5 lumbar
- 5 Sacral (fuses to form 1 sacrum)
- 4 coccygeal (fuses to form 1 coccyx)
List the normal curvatures of the spine.
- cevical LORDOSIS
- Thoracic Kyphosis
- Lumbar Lordosis
- Sacral kyphosis
What part of the vertbra enables mobility with the adjacent vertebra?
- the inferior articular process and the superior articular processes
(via synovial joints)
What protects the spinal cord?
the vertebra
—the vertebral arch (2 laminae and 2 pedicles)
Where do spinal nerves ARISE from?
from the intervertebral foramen (formed BETWEEN adjacent vertebrae)
Which part of the vertebrae may be affected by arthritis?
- facet joint between articular processes of adjacent vertebrae
Where are intervertebral discs NOT found?
- none between C1-C2
- none between sacrum and coccyx
What is the importance of the intervertebral discs?
- important for WGT-bearing and strength
Discuss what makes up the intervertebral discs.
- outer fibrous ring= ANNULUS FIBROSUS : for strong bond
- inner soft pulp= NUCLEUS PULPOSUS (for flexibility and protection)
