Depression Flashcards
What is Anhedonia?
loss of pleasure/enjoyment
What does it mean to have diurnal variation depression?
- mood varies over the day
- mood is worse in the Morning —gets better throughout the day
What is psychomotor retardation?
the subjective or objective SLOWING of thoughts and/or movements
What occurs in Stupor?
- pt locks down; absence of action and speech
How may one be treated if conditioned with Stupor?
- ECT (electroconvulsive therapy)
How may a depressed person appear?
- reduced facial expression
- furrowed brows
- reduced eye contact
- slow/absent movements (limited gesturing)
- hard to build rapport
How may speech change with mood depression?
- slow speech
- low pitch
- reduced VOLUME
- monotonous
- increased speech latencies (takes a while for them to reply)
- limited content (short answers, brief)
Distinguish Mood vs Affect.
Mood- how the patient feels
Affect- how the patient reacts (demeanour)
What is considered as having a “low affect”?
- means very limited reactivity to changes in CONTEXT, subject or emotion
- emotional paralysis
- —low through out the convo
How different is thought processing when one is depressed?
- slow thoughts (pondering)
- content: negative, self-accusatory
- Delusions
- suicidal thinking
What is psychosis?
- a mental health problem that cause people to perceive or interpret things differently
- involves HALLUCINATIONS and DELUSIONS
DIstinguish an Halluccination from a Illusion!
- a halluccination; perception experienced as real in the absence of an EXTERNAL stimulus
- Illusion: MISPERCEPTION of an external stimulus (shadow mistaken for a person in the room)
What form do hallucinations usually occur?
- almost always AUDITORY
- usually in second person
- most psychiatric cases
When do visual hallucinations occur?
-with “organic” problems of the brain
How is cognition impaired in Depression?
- slow with complains of POOR memory (mainly d/t inattention)
- compounded with ANXIETY
- issues with planning. working memory, attention
Are depressed patients aware of their condition?
- insight in depression is PRESERVED
- however, attribution is affected by illness (think poorly of themselves)
What is the behaviour like with depressed individuals?
- fiddling with fingers, tissues
- defeated posture
-exhausted
worrying
What is the course of depression?
- usually recurrent and often chronic
What are the 2 criterias mental illnesses?
- DSM-5 (USA)
- ICD-10 (eu)
Depression involves at least 2 of 3 symptoms. State them.
- Depressed mood (present MOST of the day, and almost every day)
- Loss of Interest and pleasure
- decreased energy
How is grief not deemed an illness?
- because it does not impair one’s functionality to the extent of how depression does
What is in the criteria for MDD to be dx?
- should last at least 2 WEEKS
- no hypomanic or manic symptoms that has ever occurred in the person’s life
M.E.E. for depressive sx ?
mood-enjoyment-energy
What are other (additional) symptoms that may be present?
- loss of confidence
- Guilt
- suicidal behaviour
- inability to concentrate
- AGITATION
- sleep disturbance
- change in appetite+ Wgt loss
