ANALEGSIA and its Mechanism

Question 1

How may analgesia reduce PAIN and nociception ?

Answer 1

• • by blocking synthesis of prostaglandins
• -supressing nerve conduction (blocking Na+ channels)
• • blocking nocicpetive signals in the dorsal horn
• -activating descending inhibitory controls
• • targeting ion channels upregul. in nerve damage

Question 2

Name 3 strong opioid?

Answer 2

• morphine
• oxycodone
• fentanyl

Question 3

Name 3 weak opioids?

Answer 3

• codeine
• tramadol
• dextropropoxyphene

Question 4

What are weaker than weak opiods?

Answer 4

• NSAIDs (aspirin, diclofenac, ibuprofen, naproxen)

- PCM

Question 5

What are opiates?

Answer 5

• EXTRACTED from OPIUM, poppy

Question 6

What are opioids?

Answer 6

any agent that act on opioid receptors (exist naturally in our body)

Question 7

What parts of the brain is involved in pain perception and emotion?

Answer 7

• cortex
• amygdala
• thalamus
• hypothalamus

Question 8

to modify afferent input; neurones of the brainstem nuclei give rise to efferent pathways. What are the important brainstem regions?

Answer 8

• periaqueductal grey (MIDBRAIN)
• Locus Ceruleus (PONS)
• Nucleus Raphe Magnus (MEDULLA)