NSTM Chapter 313, Portable Storage and Dry Batteries Flashcards
Rechargeable batteries
Secondary cells
Non-rechargeable batteries
Primary cells
Two type of rechargeable batteries
Acid
Alkaline
Non-rechargeable batteries are referred to as being ___ batteries
Dry-cell
Most common acid battery
Sulfuric acid
Most common alkaline battery
Potassium hydroxide
When working with and around fire and explosive hazards, wear ___
Fire retardant engineering coveralls
Unit consisting of positive and negative plates, separators, a cell cover and electrolyte, properly assembled in a single jar or one compartment of a monobloc case
Cell
Consists of one or more cells assembled in a common container or monobloc case
Tray
Spacers placed between positive and negative plates to prevent short circuiting between plates of opposite polarity
Separators
When a separator is ribbed, the flat surface is placed next to the ___ plate
Negative
Sheets of suitable material used in conjunction with the separators to aid in holding the active material of the positive plates in place and to protect the separator from the action of the positive material
Retainers
Retainers add to the ___ of the battery, reducing the ___
Internal resistance
Capacity at high-rate discharges
Sealed batteries use a ___ to prevent atmospheric oxygen from entering the battery
One-way pressure valve
The pressure valve in sealed batteries is usually set to ___
4 to 6 psi
Mixture of sulfuric acid, H2 SO4, and pure distilled water
Electrolyte
Container in which a single cell is assembled
Jar
Case in which a number of individual cell jars are molded in one piece
Monobloc case
The electrical conductors which connect the cells of a tray in series
Intercell connectors
Used to seal the cell cover to the case
Asphaltic bituminous compound
Batteries with polystyrene instead of rubber parts are sealed with ___
A polystyrene cement
Space formed by ribs built into the bottom of the battery
Sediment space
The top surface of the raised ribs forming the sediment space
Element bridge or rest
Projections at the bottom of the plates (containing no active material)
Plate feet
The number of ampere-hours the battery will deliver at that rate before the voltage drops below a specified limiting voltage
Ampere-hour capacity
As a vented battery nears completion, some ___ is liberated at the negative plate and ___ at the positive plate
H2
O2
When unpacking batteries, keep them ___
Right side up
The electrolyte level should be ___ above the separators
9mm (3/8”)
If water or electrolyte is added, place the battery on charge until specific gravity readings are constant for a period of ___
5 hours
If the battery is not to be placed in service immediately, give it a boost charge within ___ from the initial charge stamped on the name plate
One month
A period of ___ should be allowed for giving a dry-charged battery the initial charge before placing in service
One day
Dry charged batteries in storage can maintain most of their charge for as long as ___
2 years
Wet batteries in storage must be charged every ___
4 to 6 months
After the electrolyte is placed in the cells, they will have ___ charge
70 to 80%
Specific gravity of the electrolyte gradually ___ on discharge
Decreases
Routine charge given
Normal charge
Extended charge given periodically to ensure that all the sulfate is driven from the plates and all cells are restored to a uniform max specific gravity
Boost charge
Vented battery float charge
2.15 volts per cell
Sealed battery float charge
2.25 volts per cell
Batteries on standby service shall be recharged no later than ___
Once a month
Never allow a battery to stand in a completely discharged condition for more than ___ before recharging
24 hours
Batteries should not be charged in ___
An enclosed space
Batteries charged in series must be of the same ___ to maintain the proper charging rate
Capacity
Electrolyte temperature in a vented battery during charging should never exceed ___
52 degrees C (125 degrees F)
The temperature at battery charging stations should be less than ___
36 degrees C (96 degrees F)
A test to determine battery capacity for portable storage batteries shall be conducted ___
After 4 years service
Anytime the ability to perform is questioned
To ensure reliable data is obtained in a capacity check, a test discharge must be preceded by ___
A boost charge
If the capacity check shows the battery to be 80% or more, then ___
It is to kept in service
If the capacity check shows the battery to at less than 80%, then ___
Give it two more cycles of boost charge and capacity discharge, dispose if unsuccessful
Who must give permission to dispose of a battery?
Electrical officer
Pilot cells in vented batteries shall be checked for height of electrolyte how often?
Once a week or more if necessary
The specific gravity of a cell shall not be allowed to remain above the upper limit of ___
1.220
Sulfuric acid of a specific gravity greater than ___ shall not be added to a battery
1.350
When mixing electrolyte, always pour the ___ into the ___
Acid
Water
PPE for mixing electrolyte
Rubber apron
Rubber boots
Rubber gloves
Full face shield
Initial treatment of acid burns
Flush with water for a minimum of 15 minutes
Battery maintenance facilities where acid diluting, activation of new batteries, and adjustment of electrolyte is required, ___ shall be installed
Eye-wash and deluge shower within easy reach
Areas of routine battery storage shall be provided with ___
Two battery water containers and one soda water container, in 5 gallon polyethylene bottles
For acid storerooms and flammable liquid storerooms, a ___ shall be located within the operational facility
Tank-type portable combination shower and eye and face bath, with dedicated storage rack
Portable eyewash units shall be pressure or gravity fed with a self-contained supply of freshwater, not less than ___ nor more than ___
3 gallons
5 gallons
All specific gravity readings must be corrected to ___
27 degrees C (80 degrees F)
To obtain accurate temperature readings, the tip of the thermometer must be completely immersed in the electrolyte for at least ___
30 seconds
If acid has accumulated on the case, it may be removed by wiping it clean with a cloth moistened in a ___ or ___
Dilute ammonia solution
Bicarbonate of soda solution
When using ammonia or bicarbonate of soda, care must be taken so that ___
It does not enter the cell
If a low cell is discharged much below the low-voltage limit in series with other cells, the low cell will ___
Reverse its polarity
Hardening of negative plates is caused by ___
Insufficient charging
Loss of active material is caused by ___
Undue gassing, overcharging, expansion brought about by high temperatures
Local action is caused by ___
Nonhomogeneity of, and impurities in, the material in the plates or the electrolyte, most commonly iron
Short circuits are indicated by ___
Abnormal temperature
Low specific gravity
Low voltage
Reduced gassing on charge
Short circuits may be caused by ___
Faulty separators
Lead particles forming a circuit between positive and negative plates
Buckling of plates resulting in negative to positive contact
Excessive accumulation of sediment
Mossing
Crack in the partition between cells in a monobloc case
A cell containing a ___ will gradually discharge itself and become unduly heated on charge
Short circuit
Sulfation can usually be taken care of with a ___
Boost charge
The presence of a reversed cell in a battery will be indicated by ___
A rapid fall in the battery voltage
Batteries in exposed locations which are subject to low temperatures shall be kept ___
Charged
Batteries which have seawater contamination shall ___
Be considered unfit for service, replaced, never repaired
Do not store vented batteries in a ___ condition
Dry
If a battery is to be placed in storage, give it a ___ first
Boost charge
Check vented batteries in storage ___ for ___
Monthly
Specific gravity and proper electrolyte level
Sealed batteries in storage shall be checked ___ for ___
Monthly
Proper open circuit voltage
All batteries in storage should be given a boost charge at least every __
4 to 6 months
Liquid electrolyte from a lead-acid battery should be ___ before being thrown overboard
Neutralized with baking soda or alkali to a pH of 7.0 to 8.5
Batteries should not be thrown overboard due to ___
The heavy metals present
Before disposal, batteries should be ___
Emptied of electrolyte
Do not store sulfuric acid where ___
Freezing temperatures are possible
If seawater enters a battery cell, ___ will result
Chlorine gas
The ___ terminal of the battery should be disconnected first and connected last when replacing battery
Grounded
Cathode
Positive electrode
A cell with no free electrolyte
Dry cell
Dry cell voltage is controlled by ___
Choosing the materials to be used for each electrode
Dry cell current is determined by ___
The type of electrolyte used
Dry cell capacity is determined by ___
The amount of active materials (anode and cathode) used in the cell
Measure of the energy per unit volume or mass that a particular cell can deliver to an external circuit
Energy density
Dry cell energy density is determined by ___
Determining the electrode materials
Dry cell performance ___ at temperatures below 20 degrees C (68 degrees F) while shelf life ___
Declines
Increases
Leclanche cell
Carbon-zinc battery
Dry cell performance decreases at lower temperatures due to ___
Reduced chemical activity and higher internal resistance
Dry cell performance decreases at higher temperatures due to ___
Parasitic side reactions within the cell
Dry cells work best at what temperature?
Room temperature
When possible, dry cell batteries should be stored at temperatures ___
Equal to or less than 2 degrees C (35 degrees F)
Any battery taken from refrigerated storage should be allowed to warm up to between ___ before use to obtain maximum capacity
18 degrees C (65 degrees F)
27 degrees C (80 degrees F)
Dry batteries should be removed from equipment if it is to be idle for ___
Two weeks or longer
Dry batteries containing ___ cell sizes do not retain capacity as well as others
Smaller
The three digit code on dry cells indicate ____
First two digits indicate the month
Last digit indicates the last digit of the year made
Never use a multicell dry battery after its closed circuit voltage has dropped below a value equal to ___
0.9 volts per cell
