NEM Chapter 541, Fuel System, Cutters and Boats & NEM Chapter 542, Fuel System, Shipboard Aviation Flashcards
1
Q
Prior to taking on or transferring fuel, cutters and boats shall be ___
A
Electrically grounded
2
Q
___ shall be conducted before accepting fuel
A
Clear and bright tests
3
Q
Which fuel should cutters and boats use?
A
Least expensive of F-76, F-44, or an approved product through DESC bunker fuel contractor
4
Q
DESC
A
Defense Energy Support Center
5
Q
Sources of DESC bunker fuels are listed on DESC’s web page under ___
A
Bunker Bulletins
6
Q
Any main propulsion fuel, other than ___ is subject to a 6-month use limit starting from when ___
A
F-76 or JP-5
The fuel is taken onboard
7
Q
If the fuel cannot be burned within 6-months then ___
A
Only F-76 or JP-5 shall be taken onboard
The quantity taken onboard shall be limited to what can be consumed within 6-months
8
Q
Cutters participating in the CG’s ____ are exempt from the 6-month use limit
A
Fuel In-Line Fuel Quality Sampling Program
9
Q
Participation in the Fuel In-Line Sampling Program is required for ___
A
Gas turbine powered cutters
10
Q
JP-5 used in diesel RIBs, some TANBs and other small boats require ____ to be mixed with JP-5 prior to use
A
5% clean lube oil
11
Q
Some oil purifiers will require a different ___ to remain effective when used with JP-5
A
Gravity disk
12
Q
Calculated indication of a fuel’s combustion quality
A
Cetane Index
13
Q
Manufacturer’s minimum recommended Cetane Index for MTU and Paxman engines
A
45
14
Q
Paxman and MTU engines are not likely to have any operation or maintenance impacts if fuel with a minimum Cetane Index of ___ is used, such as ___
A
43
F-76, NPD MGO, or B-76
15
Q
If an operational emergency requires burning fuel with a Cetane Index lower than 43 in MTU and Paxman engines, it should be treated as ____
A
Emergency Substitute Fuel
16
Q
Low Cetane Index values can cause ___
A
Difficulty starting, increase exhaust emission, increase deposits, and limits high power performance
17
Q
JP-5 MIL-SPEC requirement for Cetane Index is ___
A
Report only
18
Q
Measure of a fuel’s flammability
A
Flash point
19
Q
Affects a fuel’s ease of ignition, flame spread rate once ignited, and extinguishing difficulty
A
Flash point
20
Q
As ambient temperature in a space approaches a fuel’s flash point, the presence of ____ increases dramatically
A
Flammable vapors
21
Q
Marine fuel, by definition and international law, must have a minimum flash point of ___
A
60C (140F)
22
Q
DESC bunker fuel product DF2 has a minimum flash point of ___
A
52C (125F)
23
Q
Flash points may routinely be as low as 52C (125F) in ___ ports as well as the ___
A
Mexican
US Northeast
24
Q
Only under extreme operational emergency, and with the concurrence of appropriate ____ shall a fuel be loaded onboard if its flash point is below 52C (125F)
A
Product Line under SFLC
25
In the winter months it is common commercial practice in some areas of the country to cut or blend No. 2-type diesel fuels with ___ to improve cold weather handling properties
Kerosene or No. 1-type diesel fuels
26
Cold weather blending is authorized by DESC bunker contracts only in ___ and only from ____
Alaska
| 15 Oct to 15 Apr
27
Winter blend minimum flash point is ___
52*C (125*F)
28
Cold weather blending is prohibited on ___ products
F-76 and JP-5
29
SOLAS guidance states that storage and engineering space temperatures should be kept at least ___ cooler than the flash point of fuel
10*C (18*F)
30
Maximum engineering space air temperature of ___ with cold weather blended fuels
42*C (108*F)
31
___ remains the best defense against the hazards of using fuels in general
Prevention of fuel leaks and proper insulating/shielding of fittings/hot surfaces
32
Do not perform ___ with low flash point fuels
Full Power Trials
33
When using low flash point fuels, ensure the designated smoking lounge in ___ away from any fuel tank vents
10-ft radius
34
The Flooding Casualty Control Software has been modified to provide a comment column on the liquid load spreadsheet screen as a job aid for ___
Keeping track of fuel characteristics in each storage tank
35
If engine room air temperature cannot be maintained below 42*C (108*F) when burning low flash point fuels ___
Blend low flash point fuel with high flash point fuel, and burn the blended fuel as soon as possible
36
Formula for estimating the flash point of blended fuels
```
FC=(FA*GA + FB*GB)/(GA + GB)
FC= Estimated flash point of commingled fuel (Deg F)
FA= Flash point of fuel A
GA= Quantity of fuel A (Gal)
FB= Flash point of fuel B
GB= Quantity of fuel B
```
37
When estimating the flash point of blended fuel, and the measured value of a high flash point marine fuel is not known, assume it is ___ for the purposes of the calculation
60*C (140*F)
38
Flash points on F-76 and JP-5 will never be below ___
60*C (140*F)
39
A unique feature of the ____ purchase is that merchants will respond with information such that a cutter can make an informed fuel quality decision
SEA Card Open Market
40
If the SEA Card merchant replies that the product meets all NPD MGO requirements ___
No further use determination is required, and the fuel is considered suitable for use
41
If the SEA Card purchase does not meet NPD MGO requirements, then the second fuel quality reference is ___
ISO 8217-2005, Grade DMA
42
SEA Card purchase fuel must be ___% distillate
100
43
SEA Card purchase fuel must have a sulfur content of ___
≤ 1.0 mass %
44
Fuel cannot be used if it is dyed ___
Black
45
Fuel recovered distillation temperature must be ___
90% > 357*C
46
Fuel viscosity of ___ required contacting the engineering services division of SFLC
40*C > 4.5mm²/second
47
Cutters with gas turbines should have fuel with carbon residue less than ___
(10% bottoms) > 0.20 mass %
48
On Paxman and MTU powered cutters must have a cetane index greater than ___, or cetane number greater than ___
43
| 42
49
Fuel cloud point must be ___, or pour point of __
> -1*C
| > -6*C
50
If the only parameter that did not meet ISO 8217 Grade DMA was a ___, fuel may still be acceptable
Low flash point
51
Grades of fuel typically offered under ISO 8217 that are not authorized for purchase under any circumstances
DMX, DMB, and DMC
52
Fuel that is not 100% distillate can contain __
Small amounts of residual fuel oil contamination
53
Use of a product with 90% Recovered Distillation Temperature greater than 357*C can adversely impact diesel engines due to ___
Increased lube oil soot accumulation and thickening
54
Carbon Residue values greater than 0.10 mass % can cause ____ in FT4 gas turbines
Hot section corrosion
55
A high cloud point can cause ___ due to ____
Filter plugging
| Wax formation in the fuel
56
Acceptable emergency substitute fuels in order of preference
```
Commercial MGO (100% distillate)
ASTM D 975 Grade No. 2-D
```
57
___ storage tanks before taking on emergency substitute fuels
Consolidate
58
Biodiesel fuel is derived from __
Vegetable oils or animal fats
59
A biodiesel blend consists of ___ and is designated with ___
Biodiesel fuel and petroleum based fuel
| Capital B followed by a number
60
The number following the B in biodiesel fuel represents __
Percentage of biodiesel in the blend
61
Biodiesel is not approved for use in ___
Tactical use vehicles
62
___ effect can dislodge normally benign and naturally formed petroleum fuel sediment from storage tanks and carry throughout the piping system
Solvency
63
As of 13OCT08, the primary diesel fuel specifications used within the US, ASTM D 975 Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils, allows up to ____ biodiesel to be blended with petroleum based diesel fuel
B5
64
All CG vessels shall state in their ____ messages that they require 100% petroleum fuel with no biodiesel
Fuel Logistical Requirements (LOGREQ)
65
No CG vessel shall knowingly receive and use biodiesel fuel without ___
Case-by-case authorization from SFLC
66
Older naval engineering terminology referred to F-76 as ___
Diesel Fuel Marine (DFM)
67
Distillate diesel fuel suitable for use in shipboard diesels, gas turbines, or boilers
F-76
68
Kerosene type jet fuel
F-44 (JP-5)
69
___ is ideally suited for gas turbine engines
JP-5
70
JP-5 can have a lower ___ than distillate diesel fuels such as F-76 and NPD MGO (a nominal ___% reduction)
Energy content
| 5
71
Burning ___ may make achieving full power shaft rpm more difficult
JP-5
72
JP-5 contains a ___ which is required for aviation use
Fuel System Icing Inhibitor (FSII)
73
FSII tends to migrate readily into any ___ and has some ____ properties
Free water
| Anti-microbial
74
____ procedures are critical if the anti-microbial activity of the icing inhibitor is to be realized
Rigorous stripping
75
NPD MGO
Navy Purchase Description Marine Gas Oil
76
Type of marine gas oil (100% distillate with no residual fuel contamination) that can be purchased from commercial sources under contract with DESC
NPD MGO
77
NPD MGO may be dyed __ in domestic ports
Red
78
This fuel product has identical properties to F-76 with the exception that ___
The fuel can be dyed red, hydrogen content is omitted, and F-76 storage stability requirements have been waived
79
Least preferred of the approved DESC bunker fuel products
DF-2
80
Minimum flash point of DF-2
52*C (125*F)
81
Minimum cetane number.index of ___
40
82
ULSD
Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel
83
Maximum sulfur content of ULSD fuel
15 ppm (0.0015 mass %)
84
The potential for ___ problems is often associated with ULSD, which can manifest itself as ___
Lubricity
| Reduced power output, reduced injection system component life, or injection system component failure/seizure
85
ULSD typically conforms to ___
ASTM D 975
86
Primary concerns of onboard fuel management
Particulates
Water
Microbiological contamination
87
With fuels other than F-76 and F-44 ____ is also a potential concern
Storage stability
88
This test can identify water and particulate contamination, and to a limited degree, microbiological contamination problems
Clear and bright test
89
The clear and bright test is particularly important when receiving ___
Approved DESC Bunker Contract fuel product or Emergency Substitute Fuel
90
Can show up as fine particulates which may or may not settle out to the bottom of the sample bottle
Microbiological contamination
91
Most likely cause of cloudiness or haze in a fuel sample
Entrained water
92
When required by operational emergency to accept fuel that will not pass a clear and bright test ___
Minimize the amount of fuel taken onboard and burn it as soon as possible
93
DESC contract requirements for NPD MGO requires that if a sample fails a clear and bright visual testing, it must be subjected to ____
Bottom Sediment and Water centrifugal test
94
Max allowable Water and Sediment content in NPD MGO is ___
0.05% vol
95
___ color is contractual grounds for rejecting fuel on a DESC bunkers contract
Dark brown or blackish
96
All ___ cutters are participating in the In-Line Fuel Quality Sampling Program
WHEC, WMEC, and WAGB
97
F-76 obtained directly from ___ sources should not be sampled (In-Line Fuel Sampling Program)
U.S. Government/Navy bulk
98
JP-5 that is intended for ___ should not be sampled (In-Line Fuel Sampling Program)
Ship propulsion
99
Samples sent to the lab are subjected to both the ___ requirement tests and (for informational purposes only) the more numerous and strenuous ___ standards
NPD MGO contract
| F-76
100
What additional tests are included in the F-76 standards
Storage stability, particulate contamination, carbon residue, and trace metal content
101
Single most effective procedure for maintaining fuel quality
Timely and periodic tank stripping of water bottoms and particulate contaminates
102
Storage and service tanks are to be tested for free water content using ___
Bottom soundings and water indicating paste
103
How often should storage and service tanks be tested for free water?
Prior to receiving fuel if the tank had been water ballasted
24 hours after receiving fuel
Monthly
104
Which cutters must comply with the use of biocides?
400-ft WAGB, 378-ft WHEC, 210-ft WMEC, CGC Healy, and all other cutters that regularly ballast F/O storage tanks
105
Biocides do not need to be added to ___ provided free water at the tank bottoms can be stripped off
JP-5
106
Commercially available products that are toxic to microorganisms
Biocides
107
Approved biocide products
Biobor JF
| Nalfleet 9-303
108
If using a biocide other than the approved, what must be done before switching products?
Run two complete tank fillings without any product due to compatibility issues
109
What must a cutter do to switch between approved biocide products?
Nothing, they are compatible
110
NOLSC Petroleum prevents offloading of biocide-additized fuel at ____ except under ___
Navy bulk storage facilities
| Very special conditions
111
Additized fuel offloaded at Navy bulk storage facilities will be treated as _____ and a ___ imposed
Waste oil
| Disposal fee
112
Where is the only exception to the policy concerning offloading of additized fuel ___, and provided it was treated with only ___
FISC Seattle
| Biobor JF and/or Nalfleet 9-303
113
Containers of fuel treatment chemicals must be kept closed to the ___
Atmosphere and possible water contamination
114
The cost of biocide fuel additives can be charged to ____
The cutter's Fuel Account
115
Magnetic fuel treatments are ___
Not authorized
116
Onboard fuel stocks should be rotated so that ___
Older fuels are used first
117
Once severely contaminated or unstable fuel is detected ___
Stop burning it, isolate the storage tank, contact the SFLC product line manager for assistance with tank cleaning
118
Operationally, unstable fuel is defined as ___
Requiring frequent and repeated fuel filter changeouts
119
Do not attempt to cut or blend unstable fuel with ___
Good fuel
120
Can be caused by dirt, rust flakes, catalyst fines, or other foreign matter introduced into the fuel
Particulate contamination
121
Free water droplets that are suspended in the fuel
Entrained water
122
Entrained water typically appears as a ___
Haze
123
___ water cannot be removed from the fuel by mechanical means
Dissolved
124
The concentration of dissolved water varies with ___
Fuel temperature, relative humidity of the air contacting the fuel, and the chemical composition of the fuel
125
Only ___ can remove entrained water from fuel
Water separators (coalescers)
126
___ will help prevent the occurrence of problems associated with water
Timely and periodic tank stripping
127
Consists of organic debris created by fungi (including yeasts), bacteria, and protozoa
Microbiological contamination
128
___ is necessary for microbial growth
Water
129
Growth of microbes is favoured by ___ environments
Warm
130
Microbiological contamination will form ___ and the fuel water interface
Sludge or mats having a slimy or stringy consistency and appearing as a black, brown, or dark olive colour
131
Two methods to minimize microbiological contamination
Stripping free water
| Use of biocides
132
The only marine fuels that have built in protection against problems associated with long term storage
F-76 and F-44
133
Storage stability will most likely to be manifested by ___
Frequently and quickly clogged fuel filter elements
134
Filter elements clogged by stable fuel products may appear to be ___
Coated with a black gummy substance or gel
135
FT4 gas turbines are particularly susceptible to ___ caused by particulates formed from unstable fuel
Severe hot section damage
136
Incompatibility will cause ___
Rapid formation of particulate matter similar to what can be observed with storage stability
137
The primary IMO convention that addresses environmental protection
MARPOL
138
How many annexes does MARPOL have?
6
139
CG vessels shall review all delivery notices or comparable documentation to ensure that all medium distillate fuel taken onboard has a sulfur content less than ___
4.5 wt% (m/m) (the maximum amount allowed by MARPOL)
140
By definition CG approved fuels contain ___ Sulfur or less
1 wt% (m/m)
141
If the sulfur content exceeds 1.0 wt% (m/m), or the content is unknown and no other fuel is available, the vessel shall ___
Contact the appropriate SFLC product line manager or the SFLC engineering services division
142
CG vessels shall document the sulfur content of the fuel taken onboard by ___
Making an entry in the machinery log or retaining bulk delivery notices highlighting sulfur content from fueling with the log
143
CG vessels shall not ___ fueling samples for inspection to demonstrate compliance
Retain
144
When requesting fuel in LOGREQS or when arranging fuel deliveries, cutters should not use the term DFM, but should utilize ___
Standard naming phrases
145
___ are not authorized for use in aviation fuels
Biocides
146
Provides detailed guidance on minimum quality and surveillance standards, testing requirements, safety precautions, and handling procedures concerning the acceptance, storage, and dispensing of aviation fuel
Shipboard Helicopter Operational Procedures Manual, COMDTINST M3710.2
147
JP-5 fuel transfer, service, and storage equipment shall be maintained in accordance with ___
Cutter specific PMS and SFLC process guides
