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Test stuff > NEM Chapter 541, Fuel System, Cutters and Boats & NEM Chapter 542, Fuel System, Shipboard Aviation > Flashcards

NEM Chapter 541, Fuel System, Cutters and Boats & NEM Chapter 542, Fuel System, Shipboard Aviation Flashcards

1
Q

Prior to taking on or transferring fuel, cutters and boats shall be ___

A

Electrically grounded

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2
Q

___ shall be conducted before accepting fuel

A

Clear and bright tests

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3
Q

Which fuel should cutters and boats use?

A

Least expensive of F-76, F-44, or an approved product through DESC bunker fuel contractor

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4
Q

DESC

A

Defense Energy Support Center

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5
Q

Sources of DESC bunker fuels are listed on DESC’s web page under ___

A

Bunker Bulletins

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6
Q

Any main propulsion fuel, other than ___ is subject to a 6-month use limit starting from when ___

A

F-76 or JP-5

The fuel is taken onboard

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7
Q

If the fuel cannot be burned within 6-months then ___

A

Only F-76 or JP-5 shall be taken onboard

The quantity taken onboard shall be limited to what can be consumed within 6-months

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8
Q

Cutters participating in the CG’s ____ are exempt from the 6-month use limit

A

Fuel In-Line Fuel Quality Sampling Program

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9
Q

Participation in the Fuel In-Line Sampling Program is required for ___

A

Gas turbine powered cutters

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10
Q

JP-5 used in diesel RIBs, some TANBs and other small boats require ____ to be mixed with JP-5 prior to use

A

5% clean lube oil

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11
Q

Some oil purifiers will require a different ___ to remain effective when used with JP-5

A

Gravity disk

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12
Q

Calculated indication of a fuel’s combustion quality

A

Cetane Index

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13
Q

Manufacturer’s minimum recommended Cetane Index for MTU and Paxman engines

A

45

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14
Q

Paxman and MTU engines are not likely to have any operation or maintenance impacts if fuel with a minimum Cetane Index of ___ is used, such as ___

A

43

F-76, NPD MGO, or B-76

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15
Q

If an operational emergency requires burning fuel with a Cetane Index lower than 43 in MTU and Paxman engines, it should be treated as ____

A

Emergency Substitute Fuel

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16
Q

Low Cetane Index values can cause ___

A

Difficulty starting, increase exhaust emission, increase deposits, and limits high power performance

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17
Q

JP-5 MIL-SPEC requirement for Cetane Index is ___

A

Report only

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18
Q

Measure of a fuel’s flammability

A

Flash point

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19
Q

Affects a fuel’s ease of ignition, flame spread rate once ignited, and extinguishing difficulty

A

Flash point

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20
Q

As ambient temperature in a space approaches a fuel’s flash point, the presence of ____ increases dramatically

A

Flammable vapors

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21
Q

Marine fuel, by definition and international law, must have a minimum flash point of ___

A

60C (140F)

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22
Q

DESC bunker fuel product DF2 has a minimum flash point of ___

A

52C (125F)

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23
Q

Flash points may routinely be as low as 52C (125F) in ___ ports as well as the ___

A

Mexican

US Northeast

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24
Q

Only under extreme operational emergency, and with the concurrence of appropriate ____ shall a fuel be loaded onboard if its flash point is below 52C (125F)

A

Product Line under SFLC

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25
Q

In the winter months it is common commercial practice in some areas of the country to cut or blend No. 2-type diesel fuels with ___ to improve cold weather handling properties

A

Kerosene or No. 1-type diesel fuels

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26
Q

Cold weather blending is authorized by DESC bunker contracts only in ___ and only from ____

A

Alaska

15 Oct to 15 Apr

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27
Q

Winter blend minimum flash point is ___

A

52C (125F)

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28
Q

Cold weather blending is prohibited on ___ products

A

F-76 and JP-5

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29
Q

SOLAS guidance states that storage and engineering space temperatures should be kept at least ___ cooler than the flash point of fuel

A

10C (18F)

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30
Q

Maximum engineering space air temperature of ___ with cold weather blended fuels

A

42C (108F)

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31
Q

___ remains the best defense against the hazards of using fuels in general

A

Prevention of fuel leaks and proper insulating/shielding of fittings/hot surfaces

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32
Q

Do not perform ___ with low flash point fuels

A

Full Power Trials

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33
Q

When using low flash point fuels, ensure the designated smoking lounge in ___ away from any fuel tank vents

A

10-ft radius

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34
Q

The Flooding Casualty Control Software has been modified to provide a comment column on the liquid load spreadsheet screen as a job aid for ___

A

Keeping track of fuel characteristics in each storage tank

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35
Q

If engine room air temperature cannot be maintained below 42C (108F) when burning low flash point fuels ___

A

Blend low flash point fuel with high flash point fuel, and burn the blended fuel as soon as possible

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36
Q

Formula for estimating the flash point of blended fuels

A 
FC=(FA*GA + FB*GB)/(GA + GB)
FC= Estimated flash point of commingled fuel (Deg F)
FA= Flash point of fuel A
GA= Quantity of fuel A (Gal)
FB= Flash point of fuel B
GB= Quantity of fuel B
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37
Q

When estimating the flash point of blended fuel, and the measured value of a high flash point marine fuel is not known, assume it is ___ for the purposes of the calculation

A

60C (140F)

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38
Q

Flash points on F-76 and JP-5 will never be below ___

A

60C (140F)

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39
Q

A unique feature of the ____ purchase is that merchants will respond with information such that a cutter can make an informed fuel quality decision

A

SEA Card Open Market

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40
Q

If the SEA Card merchant replies that the product meets all NPD MGO requirements ___

A

No further use determination is required, and the fuel is considered suitable for use

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41
Q

If the SEA Card purchase does not meet NPD MGO requirements, then the second fuel quality reference is ___

A

ISO 8217-2005, Grade DMA

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42
Q

SEA Card purchase fuel must be ___% distillate

A

100

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43
Q

SEA Card purchase fuel must have a sulfur content of ___

A

≤ 1.0 mass %

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44
Q

Fuel cannot be used if it is dyed ___

A

Black

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45
Q

Fuel recovered distillation temperature must be ___

A

90% > 357*C

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46
Q

Fuel viscosity of ___ required contacting the engineering services division of SFLC

A

40*C > 4.5mm²/second

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47
Q

Cutters with gas turbines should have fuel with carbon residue less than ___

A

(10% bottoms) > 0.20 mass %

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48
Q

On Paxman and MTU powered cutters must have a cetane index greater than ___, or cetane number greater than ___

A

43

42

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49
Q

Fuel cloud point must be ___, or pour point of __

A

> -1*C

> -6*C

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50
Q

If the only parameter that did not meet ISO 8217 Grade DMA was a ___, fuel may still be acceptable

A

Low flash point

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51
Q

Grades of fuel typically offered under ISO 8217 that are not authorized for purchase under any circumstances

A

DMX, DMB, and DMC

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52
Q

Fuel that is not 100% distillate can contain __

A

Small amounts of residual fuel oil contamination

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53
Q

Use of a product with 90% Recovered Distillation Temperature greater than 357*C can adversely impact diesel engines due to ___

A

Increased lube oil soot accumulation and thickening

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54
Q

Carbon Residue values greater than 0.10 mass % can cause ____ in FT4 gas turbines

A

Hot section corrosion

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55
Q

A high cloud point can cause ___ due to ____

A

Filter plugging

Wax formation in the fuel

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56
Q

Acceptable emergency substitute fuels in order of preference

A 
Commercial MGO (100% distillate)
ASTM D 975 Grade No. 2-D
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57
Q

___ storage tanks before taking on emergency substitute fuels

A

Consolidate

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58
Q

Biodiesel fuel is derived from __

A

Vegetable oils or animal fats

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59
Q

A biodiesel blend consists of ___ and is designated with ___

A

Biodiesel fuel and petroleum based fuel

Capital B followed by a number

60
Q

The number following the B in biodiesel fuel represents __

A

Percentage of biodiesel in the blend

61
Q

Biodiesel is not approved for use in ___

A

Tactical use vehicles

62
Q

___ effect can dislodge normally benign and naturally formed petroleum fuel sediment from storage tanks and carry throughout the piping system

A

Solvency

63
Q

As of 13OCT08, the primary diesel fuel specifications used within the US, ASTM D 975 Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils, allows up to ____ biodiesel to be blended with petroleum based diesel fuel

A

B5

64
Q

All CG vessels shall state in their ____ messages that they require 100% petroleum fuel with no biodiesel

A

Fuel Logistical Requirements (LOGREQ)

65
Q

No CG vessel shall knowingly receive and use biodiesel fuel without ___

A

Case-by-case authorization from SFLC

66
Q

Older naval engineering terminology referred to F-76 as ___

A

Diesel Fuel Marine (DFM)

67
Q

Distillate diesel fuel suitable for use in shipboard diesels, gas turbines, or boilers

A

F-76

68
Q

Kerosene type jet fuel

A

F-44 (JP-5)

69
Q

___ is ideally suited for gas turbine engines

A

JP-5

70
Q

JP-5 can have a lower ___ than distillate diesel fuels such as F-76 and NPD MGO (a nominal ___% reduction)

A

Energy content

5

71
Q

Burning ___ may make achieving full power shaft rpm more difficult

A

JP-5

72
Q

JP-5 contains a ___ which is required for aviation use

A

Fuel System Icing Inhibitor (FSII)

73
Q

FSII tends to migrate readily into any ___ and has some ____ properties

A

Free water

Anti-microbial

74
Q

____ procedures are critical if the anti-microbial activity of the icing inhibitor is to be realized

A

Rigorous stripping

75
Q

NPD MGO

A

Navy Purchase Description Marine Gas Oil

76
Q

Type of marine gas oil (100% distillate with no residual fuel contamination) that can be purchased from commercial sources under contract with DESC

A

NPD MGO

77
Q

NPD MGO may be dyed __ in domestic ports

A

Red

78
Q

This fuel product has identical properties to F-76 with the exception that ___

A

The fuel can be dyed red, hydrogen content is omitted, and F-76 storage stability requirements have been waived

79
Q

Least preferred of the approved DESC bunker fuel products

A

DF-2

80
Q

Minimum flash point of DF-2

A

52C (125F)

81
Q

Minimum cetane number.index of ___

A

40

82
Q

ULSD

A

Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel

83
Q

Maximum sulfur content of ULSD fuel

A

15 ppm (0.0015 mass %)

84
Q

The potential for ___ problems is often associated with ULSD, which can manifest itself as ___

A

Lubricity

Reduced power output, reduced injection system component life, or injection system component failure/seizure

85
Q

ULSD typically conforms to ___

A

ASTM D 975

86
Q

Primary concerns of onboard fuel management

A

Particulates
Water
Microbiological contamination

87
Q

With fuels other than F-76 and F-44 ____ is also a potential concern

A

Storage stability

88
Q

This test can identify water and particulate contamination, and to a limited degree, microbiological contamination problems

A

Clear and bright test

89
Q

The clear and bright test is particularly important when receiving ___

A

Approved DESC Bunker Contract fuel product or Emergency Substitute Fuel

90
Q

Can show up as fine particulates which may or may not settle out to the bottom of the sample bottle

A

Microbiological contamination

91
Q

Most likely cause of cloudiness or haze in a fuel sample

A

Entrained water

92
Q

When required by operational emergency to accept fuel that will not pass a clear and bright test ___

A

Minimize the amount of fuel taken onboard and burn it as soon as possible

93
Q

DESC contract requirements for NPD MGO requires that if a sample fails a clear and bright visual testing, it must be subjected to ____

A

Bottom Sediment and Water centrifugal test

94
Q

Max allowable Water and Sediment content in NPD MGO is ___

A

0.05% vol

95
Q

___ color is contractual grounds for rejecting fuel on a DESC bunkers contract

A

Dark brown or blackish

96
Q

All ___ cutters are participating in the In-Line Fuel Quality Sampling Program

A

WHEC, WMEC, and WAGB

97
Q

F-76 obtained directly from ___ sources should not be sampled (In-Line Fuel Sampling Program)

A

U.S. Government/Navy bulk

98
Q

JP-5 that is intended for ___ should not be sampled (In-Line Fuel Sampling Program)

A

Ship propulsion

99
Q

Samples sent to the lab are subjected to both the ___ requirement tests and (for informational purposes only) the more numerous and strenuous ___ standards

A

NPD MGO contract

F-76

100
Q

What additional tests are included in the F-76 standards

A

Storage stability, particulate contamination, carbon residue, and trace metal content

101
Q

Single most effective procedure for maintaining fuel quality

A

Timely and periodic tank stripping of water bottoms and particulate contaminates

102
Q

Storage and service tanks are to be tested for free water content using ___

A

Bottom soundings and water indicating paste

103
Q

How often should storage and service tanks be tested for free water?

A

Prior to receiving fuel if the tank had been water ballasted
24 hours after receiving fuel
Monthly

104
Q

Which cutters must comply with the use of biocides?

A

400-ft WAGB, 378-ft WHEC, 210-ft WMEC, CGC Healy, and all other cutters that regularly ballast F/O storage tanks

105
Q

Biocides do not need to be added to ___ provided free water at the tank bottoms can be stripped off

A

JP-5

106
Q

Commercially available products that are toxic to microorganisms

A

Biocides

107
Q

Approved biocide products

A

Biobor JF

Nalfleet 9-303

108
Q

If using a biocide other than the approved, what must be done before switching products?

A

Run two complete tank fillings without any product due to compatibility issues

109
Q

What must a cutter do to switch between approved biocide products?

A

Nothing, they are compatible

110
Q

NOLSC Petroleum prevents offloading of biocide-additized fuel at ____ except under ___

A

Navy bulk storage facilities

Very special conditions

111
Q

Additized fuel offloaded at Navy bulk storage facilities will be treated as _____ and a ___ imposed

A

Waste oil

Disposal fee

112
Q

Where is the only exception to the policy concerning offloading of additized fuel ___, and provided it was treated with only ___

A

FISC Seattle

Biobor JF and/or Nalfleet 9-303

113
Q

Containers of fuel treatment chemicals must be kept closed to the ___

A

Atmosphere and possible water contamination

114
Q

The cost of biocide fuel additives can be charged to ____

A

The cutter’s Fuel Account

115
Q

Magnetic fuel treatments are ___

A

Not authorized

116
Q

Onboard fuel stocks should be rotated so that ___

A

Older fuels are used first

117
Q

Once severely contaminated or unstable fuel is detected ___

A

Stop burning it, isolate the storage tank, contact the SFLC product line manager for assistance with tank cleaning

118
Q

Operationally, unstable fuel is defined as ___

A

Requiring frequent and repeated fuel filter changeouts

119
Q

Do not attempt to cut or blend unstable fuel with ___

A

Good fuel

120
Q

Can be caused by dirt, rust flakes, catalyst fines, or other foreign matter introduced into the fuel

A

Particulate contamination

121
Q

Free water droplets that are suspended in the fuel

A

Entrained water

122
Q

Entrained water typically appears as a ___

A

Haze

123
Q

___ water cannot be removed from the fuel by mechanical means

A

Dissolved

124
Q

The concentration of dissolved water varies with ___

A

Fuel temperature, relative humidity of the air contacting the fuel, and the chemical composition of the fuel

125
Q

Only ___ can remove entrained water from fuel

A

Water separators (coalescers)

126
Q

___ will help prevent the occurrence of problems associated with water

A

Timely and periodic tank stripping

127
Q

Consists of organic debris created by fungi (including yeasts), bacteria, and protozoa

A

Microbiological contamination

128
Q

___ is necessary for microbial growth

A

Water

129
Q

Growth of microbes is favoured by ___ environments

A

Warm

130
Q

Microbiological contamination will form ___ and the fuel water interface

A

Sludge or mats having a slimy or stringy consistency and appearing as a black, brown, or dark olive colour

131
Q

Two methods to minimize microbiological contamination

A

Stripping free water

Use of biocides

132
Q

The only marine fuels that have built in protection against problems associated with long term storage

A

F-76 and F-44

133
Q

Storage stability will most likely to be manifested by ___

A

Frequently and quickly clogged fuel filter elements

134
Q

Filter elements clogged by stable fuel products may appear to be ___

A

Coated with a black gummy substance or gel

135
Q

FT4 gas turbines are particularly susceptible to ___ caused by particulates formed from unstable fuel

A

Severe hot section damage

136
Q

Incompatibility will cause ___

A

Rapid formation of particulate matter similar to what can be observed with storage stability

137
Q

The primary IMO convention that addresses environmental protection

A

MARPOL

138
Q

How many annexes does MARPOL have?

A

6

139
Q

CG vessels shall review all delivery notices or comparable documentation to ensure that all medium distillate fuel taken onboard has a sulfur content less than ___

A

4.5 wt% (m/m) (the maximum amount allowed by MARPOL)

140
Q

By definition CG approved fuels contain ___ Sulfur or less

A

1 wt% (m/m)

141
Q

If the sulfur content exceeds 1.0 wt% (m/m), or the content is unknown and no other fuel is available, the vessel shall ___

A

Contact the appropriate SFLC product line manager or the SFLC engineering services division

142
Q

CG vessels shall document the sulfur content of the fuel taken onboard by ___

A

Making an entry in the machinery log or retaining bulk delivery notices highlighting sulfur content from fueling with the log

143
Q

CG vessels shall not ___ fueling samples for inspection to demonstrate compliance

A

Retain

144
Q

When requesting fuel in LOGREQS or when arranging fuel deliveries, cutters should not use the term DFM, but should utilize ___

A

Standard naming phrases

145
Q

___ are not authorized for use in aviation fuels

A

Biocides

146
Q

Provides detailed guidance on minimum quality and surveillance standards, testing requirements, safety precautions, and handling procedures concerning the acceptance, storage, and dispensing of aviation fuel

A

Shipboard Helicopter Operational Procedures Manual, COMDTINST M3710.2

147
Q

JP-5 fuel transfer, service, and storage equipment shall be maintained in accordance with ___

A

Cutter specific PMS and SFLC process guides

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