Nremt Study Guide 2 Flashcards
Your patient’s wife tells you that her husband has a LVAD What does this mean?
Left ventricular assist device
How many times a women has been pregnant
Gravida
Pediatric rule of nines values
Head:18
Anterior torso: 18
Posterior torso: 18
Legs:14
Genitalia:1
Retractions that may be seen in pediatric patients in respiratory distress
Intercostal (between ribs)
Suprasternal (above sternum)
Supraclavicular (above clavicle)
When called on the interstate highway, where do you park the ambulance when you first arrive and where do you park? If other emergency vehicles are their first
First arrived between incoming traffic and accident
If other units are there first park past the accident scene
Four levels of hazardous material training
Awareness
Operation
Technician
Specialist
Three types of radiation and penetrating ability of each
Alpha radiation: doesn’t travel far can be stopped by paper
Beta radiation : can penetrate through some levels of human tissue
Gamma radiation : can penetrate all levels of the human body
Three concepts to reduce exposure from a terrorist attack
Time
Distance
Shielding
4 colors of NFOA 704 system
Blue: health hazard
Red : fire hazard
Yellow : reactivity
White : specific hazard
Four designations for patient triage
Red: critical first priority
Yellow : serious second priority
Green : minor walking wounded third priority
Black : deceased last priority
Blast injuries
Primary( blast wave)
Secondary( injury from projectiles)
Tertiary (displacement throws or knocks down victim
Quaternary all other injuries (burns, asphyxia toxic exposure)
CBRNE
Chemical
Biological
Radiological
Nuclear
Explosive
Mnemonic for symptoms of nerve agents that acts on sympathetic nervous system
SLUDGE-M
Salvation
Lacrimation (tears)
Urination
Defecation
G.I. distress
Emesis
Miosis (pupil contraction)
START triage
Simple triage and rapid transport
5 stages of an ambulance call
Preparing for the call
Responding to the call
Transferring the patient to the ambulance
Transport to the hospital
Terminating the call
TRACEM-P
Thermal
Radiological
Asphyxiation
Chemical
Etiological
Mechanical
Psychological
Solids, liquids, or gases that can harm people other living organisms, property or the environment
Hazardous materials
The use of violence threats to violence or intimidation to create fear or further a political agenda
Terrorism
Where are bloody bandages and disposable towels used to clean up blood or body fluids disposed of?
In a red bag indicating infectious waist
How far should you park your ambulance from a down powerline
Far enough so the lines couldn’t reach the vehicle
General rule, part two full telephone pole lengths from down wires
What personal protective equipment must be worn at a crash scene while working around extrication operations
Turnout gear with a helmet, gloves and protection
Functions under the EMS branch in a major incident
Triage
Treatment
Transportation
Staging
rehabilitation
Safety
You are attending to a patient in a motor vehicle collision with the airbags didn’t deploy. How would you safely disable the airbags?
Disconnecting the vehicles battery
What treatments are allowed during the triage process?
Opening the airway, inserting an OPA and controlling severe bleeding
The pneumonic OTTO is used to help determine the impact of a terrorist threat. What does OTTO stand for?
Occupancy or location
Type of event
Timing of event
On scene warning signs
What is the role of the person who assumes command at an incident?
Assumes overall responsibility for the incident (incident commander)
What is the purpose of a blocking vehicle in an accident scene?
To provide a large physical bear between traffic and the accident scene
How to approach a helicopter
Approach crouching from the front or the side as instructed by the helicopter crew
An incident which overloaded the resources of an EMS system
MCI multiple casualty incident
For incident command branches under command
Planning
Operations
Logistics
Finance
What size should a helicopter landing zone be?
100 x 100 feet and a slope of less than 8°
The area should be clear of poles and electrical telephone lines
The pressure ventricles of the heart must create to eject blood most commonly applied to the left ventricle. It is also referred to as the amount of force of pressure in the aorta that the heart must pump against.
Afterload
When a capillary allows fluid to leave through its walls, it is said to be
Permeable
The volume required to fill the portion of the respiratory system that does not exchange gases in an adult about 150 mL of air is required to fill the tracheobronchial tree before any air reaches alveoli for gas exchange
Dead airspace
The amount of blood filling the ventricles of the heart prior to contraction and sufficient blood volume causes the chamber of the heart to stretch, which helps create a strong contraction
Preload
Swelling caused by accumulation of fluid in the body tissues
Edema
A pressure within the blood vessels that pushes water out into the body
Hydrostatic pressure
Movement of molecules from the area of high concentration to lower concentration this is a passive process that does not require energy
Diffusion
The amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs in a single breath
Title volume
Specialized chemical senses in the blood vessels, carotid and aortic and brain that detect levels of carbon dioxide and oxygen
Chemoreceptor
Pressure in the vessels the heart must pump against
Systemic vascular resistance
The inability of the body to circulate blood to the bodies, tissues and cells this results and oxygen, not reaching tissues and carbon dioxide, not being removed from the tissues
Shock
When large proteins attract water from the body into the blood
Plasma oncotic
Converting nutrients to energy within the cell
Metabolism
The amount of air move in and out of the lungs over a minute is calculated by multiplying entitled volume times respiratory rate
Minute volume
The amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle of the heart during each contraction
Stroke volume
Study of changes in the body due to a disease or syndrome
Physiology of disease or uninjured organism or their parts
Pathophysiology
Created doing aerobic metabolism in the start of as the energy
ATP adenosine triphosphate
What happens when a blood vessel suffers a loss of tone
Loss of tone will cause a normal vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure and perfusion
Two substances brought into the body that are required to create ATP in the cell
Glucose and oxygen
What is the difference between subjective and objective documentation?
Subjective includes opinions or interpretation
Objective are facts and actual observations without the subjective interpretation
EMS documentation should contain objective statements
Your patient pulse and respirations have increased. The skin is cool and moist. What is the most likely cause for this
Shock
So your patient blood pressure has increased while his pulse and mental status have decreased respirations are irregular. What is the most likely cause of this?
Increasing intracranial pressure
Several factors you would consider when requesting an advanced life support intercept
What is the patient condition? Is it a problem that ALS can assist with?
How far am I from the hospital?
How far away is the ALS response?
Should I wait at the scene or meet ALS in route to the hospital?
Why does a patient who faints regain consciousness after he falls to the ground?
Fainting is usually caused by reduced blood flow to the brain. The patient passes out to a recovered position, which makes it easier to perfuse the brain and restore consciousness
