Nremt Study Guide 2 Flashcards by Shemar Hunter

Your patient’s wife tells you that her husband has a LVAD What does this mean?

Left ventricular assist device

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How many times a women has been pregnant

Gravida

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Pediatric rule of nines values

Head:18
Anterior torso: 18
Posterior torso: 18
Legs:14
Genitalia:1

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Retractions that may be seen in pediatric patients in respiratory distress

Intercostal (between ribs)
Suprasternal (above sternum)
Supraclavicular (above clavicle)

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When called on the interstate highway, where do you park the ambulance when you first arrive and where do you park? If other emergency vehicles are their first

First arrived between incoming traffic and accident
If other units are there first park past the accident scene

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Four levels of hazardous material training

Awareness
Operation
Technician
Specialist

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Three types of radiation and penetrating ability of each

Alpha radiation: doesn’t travel far can be stopped by paper
Beta radiation : can penetrate through some levels of human tissue
Gamma radiation : can penetrate all levels of the human body

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Three concepts to reduce exposure from a terrorist attack

Time
Distance
Shielding

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4 colors of NFOA 704 system

Blue: health hazard
Red : fire hazard
Yellow : reactivity
White : specific hazard

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Four designations for patient triage

Red: critical first priority
Yellow : serious second priority
Green : minor walking wounded third priority
Black : deceased last priority

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Blast injuries

Primary( blast wave)
Secondary( injury from projectiles)
Tertiary (displacement throws or knocks down victim
Quaternary all other injuries (burns, asphyxia toxic exposure)

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CBRNE

Chemical
Biological
Radiological
Nuclear
Explosive

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Mnemonic for symptoms of nerve agents that acts on sympathetic nervous system

SLUDGE-M
Salvation
Lacrimation (tears)
Urination
Defecation
G.I. distress
Emesis
Miosis (pupil contraction)

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START triage

Simple triage and rapid transport

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5 stages of an ambulance call

Preparing for the call
Responding to the call
Transferring the patient to the ambulance
Transport to the hospital
Terminating the call

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TRACEM-P

Thermal
Radiological
Asphyxiation
Chemical
Etiological
Mechanical
Psychological

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Solids, liquids, or gases that can harm people other living organisms, property or the environment

Hazardous materials

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The use of violence threats to violence or intimidation to create fear or further a political agenda

Terrorism

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Where are bloody bandages and disposable towels used to clean up blood or body fluids disposed of?

In a red bag indicating infectious waist

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How far should you park your ambulance from a down powerline

Far enough so the lines couldn’t reach the vehicle
General rule, part two full telephone pole lengths from down wires

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What personal protective equipment must be worn at a crash scene while working around extrication operations

Turnout gear with a helmet, gloves and protection

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Functions under the EMS branch in a major incident

Triage
Treatment
Transportation
Staging
rehabilitation
Safety

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You are attending to a patient in a motor vehicle collision with the airbags didn’t deploy. How would you safely disable the airbags?

Disconnecting the vehicles battery

What treatments are allowed during the triage process?

Opening the airway, inserting an OPA and controlling severe bleeding

The pneumonic OTTO is used to help determine the impact of a terrorist threat. What does OTTO stand for?

Occupancy or location Type of event Timing of event On scene warning signs

What is the role of the person who assumes command at an incident?

Assumes overall responsibility for the incident (incident commander)

What is the purpose of a blocking vehicle in an accident scene?

To provide a large physical bear between traffic and the accident scene

How to approach a helicopter

Approach crouching from the front or the side as instructed by the helicopter crew

An incident which overloaded the resources of an EMS system

MCI multiple casualty incident

For incident command branches under command

Planning Operations Logistics Finance

What size should a helicopter landing zone be?

100 x 100 feet and a slope of less than 8° The area should be clear of poles and electrical telephone lines

The pressure ventricles of the heart must create to eject blood most commonly applied to the left ventricle. It is also referred to as the amount of force of pressure in the aorta that the heart must pump against.

Afterload

When a capillary allows fluid to leave through its walls, it is said to be

Permeable

The volume required to fill the portion of the respiratory system that does not exchange gases in an adult about 150 mL of air is required to fill the tracheobronchial tree before any air reaches alveoli for gas exchange

Dead airspace

The amount of blood filling the ventricles of the heart prior to contraction and sufficient blood volume causes the chamber of the heart to stretch, which helps create a strong contraction

Preload

Swelling caused by accumulation of fluid in the body tissues

Edema

A pressure within the blood vessels that pushes water out into the body

Hydrostatic pressure

Movement of molecules from the area of high concentration to lower concentration this is a passive process that does not require energy

Diffusion

The amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs in a single breath

Title volume

Specialized chemical senses in the blood vessels, carotid and aortic and brain that detect levels of carbon dioxide and oxygen

Chemoreceptor

Pressure in the vessels the heart must pump against

Systemic vascular resistance

The inability of the body to circulate blood to the bodies, tissues and cells this results and oxygen, not reaching tissues and carbon dioxide, not being removed from the tissues

Shock

When large proteins attract water from the body into the blood

Plasma oncotic

Converting nutrients to energy within the cell

Metabolism

The amount of air move in and out of the lungs over a minute is calculated by multiplying entitled volume times respiratory rate

Minute volume

The amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle of the heart during each contraction

Stroke volume

Study of changes in the body due to a disease or syndrome Physiology of disease or uninjured organism or their parts

Pathophysiology

Created doing aerobic metabolism in the start of as the energy

ATP adenosine triphosphate

What happens when a blood vessel suffers a loss of tone

Loss of tone will cause a normal vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure and perfusion

Two substances brought into the body that are required to create ATP in the cell

Glucose and oxygen

What is the difference between subjective and objective documentation?

Subjective includes opinions or interpretation Objective are facts and actual observations without the subjective interpretation EMS documentation should contain objective statements

Your patient pulse and respirations have increased. The skin is cool and moist. What is the most likely cause for this

Shock

So your patient blood pressure has increased while his pulse and mental status have decreased respirations are irregular. What is the most likely cause of this?

Increasing intracranial pressure

Several factors you would consider when requesting an advanced life support intercept

What is the patient condition? Is it a problem that ALS can assist with? How far am I from the hospital? How far away is the ALS response? Should I wait at the scene or meet ALS in route to the hospital?

Why does a patient who faints regain consciousness after he falls to the ground?

Fainting is usually caused by reduced blood flow to the brain. The patient passes out to a recovered position, which makes it easier to perfuse the brain and restore consciousness