Notes 8

Question 1

The 3 Fs of angiosperm sex are what?

Answer 1

Flowers, fruits, and double fertilization

Question 2

The male parts of the plant are called ____ and are made of the ___ and the ___.

Answer 2

Stamen, anther and filament.

Question 3

The stamen produces 4 _____?

Answer 3

microsporangium or pollen sacs.

Question 4

Each microsporangium has many diploid cells called ____?

Answer 4

microsporocytes (microspore mother cells)

Question 5

Microsporocytes then undergo ___ to form 4 ___ microspores

Answer 5

Meiosis, haploid.

Question 6

Each microspore undergoes unequal ____ to become a ___ male gametophyte (pollen grain).

Answer 6

Mitosis, haploid.

Question 7

The male gametophyte is made of 2 cells, a ____ and a -______.

Answer 7

Smaller generative cell and larger tube cell.

Question 8

The smaller genertaive cell and larger tube cell of the male gametophyte + a spore wall=??

Answer 8

A pollen grain

Question 9

The female parts of the plant are called the ___ and are made of the ___, ____ and ___.

Answer 9

Carpel, stigma, style, ovary

Question 10

The ____ is the container in which seeds are enclosed and contains one or more ____ in the _____ (base of the carpel).

Answer 10

Carpel, ovules in the ovary.

Question 11

What is the tissue in which the embryo sac (female gametophyte) forms?

Answer 11

Megasporangium.

Question 12

What are the 2 layers of practice tissue that surround the megasporangium called?

Answer 12

Integuments

Question 13

The integuments will develop the seed coat with a gap called the _____.

Answer 13

Micropyle

Question 14

One cell in each megasporangium (ovary) is known as the what?

Answer 14

Megasporocyte

Question 15

The megasporocyte enlarges and undergoes meiosis to become 4 _____ _______.

Answer 15

Haploid megaspores.

Question 16

Of the 4 megaspores that are developed, how many survive?

Answer 16

One survives the other 3 degenerate

Question 17

The megaspore that surives divides by ______ without _____ to create a large cell with ___ ____ nuclei.

Answer 17

The surviving megaspore nucleus divides by mitosis without cytokinesis which creates a large cell with 8 haploid nuclei.

Question 18

The large cell with 8 nuclei divides by membranes to form what?

Answer 18

The embryonic sac

Question 19

In the female gametophyte, at the micropyle end, what 2 cells flank the egg and help guide the male gametophyte (pollen tube) to the embryo sac?

Answer 19

Synergid cells

Question 20

Where are polar nuclei?

Answer 20

Polar nuclei are not in cells but in the cytoplasm of the large central cell.

Question 21

Female gametophyte (ovule) has ___ nuclei within __ cells and an embryo sac enclosed by the megasporangium and __ integuments.

Answer 21

8,7,2

Question 22

When a pollen grain lands on the sticky stigma end, the tube cell does what?

Answer 22

The tube cell elongates to form a pollen tube which travels down the style to the ovary.

Question 23

While travelling down the generative cells divide by mitosis to form 2 ___ that travel down the tube to the micropyle which is guided by chemicals from the ____.

Answer 23

sperm, synergid cells

Question 24

One sperm fertilize the egg=?

Answer 24

zygote

Question 25

One sperm combines with 2 polar nuclei forming a triploid (3n) nucleus= ?

Answer 25

endosperm. This is what is meant by double fertilization

Question 26

Whats the purpose of an endosperm?

Answer 26

Endosperm nourishes seed until it can create its own food.

Question 27

After fertilization the ovule develops into a ____ (embryo and endosperm) and the ovary develops into a _____.

Answer 27

seed, fruit.

Question 28

The fertilized egg (zygote) splits via mitosis to form a -____ cell and ____ cell.

Answer 28

basal cell and a terminal cell

Question 29

What can be credited to giving rise to majority of the embryo?

Answer 29

Terminal cell gives rise to most of the embryo.

Question 30

The basal cell divides into a thread of cells called what? What is its purpose?

Answer 30

The basal cell divides into a thread of cells (suspensor) which anchor the embryo to the parent and help transfer nutrients from the parent to the embryo. In some plants the suspensor becomes the endosperm.

Question 31

The terminal cell divides to form what?

Answer 31

Terminal cell divides to form a proembryo: cotyledons form as bumps on the proembryo. A root apex forms at the opposite end.

Question 32

Seeds are adapted to stay dormant until conditions are what?

Answer 32

Optimal for germination.