North + central europe diets

Question 1

euro origin in Canada?

Answer 1

20 million ppl.

-> english, scotish, irish, french, german, ukrainian

Question 2

livestock eaten

Answer 2

cow, pig, sheep, chicken, suck, geese.

Question 3

traditional vegetables + fruit of central + northern europe

Answer 3

root veg: potatoe, carrot, parsnip, onions, garlic, turnip, beet. cold doesnt kill plant

non-root: green beans, peas, cucumber, mushroom

apple,plum, pear

Question 4

grains eaten

Answer 4

wheat, rye, barley, buckwheat, corn, oats.

Question 5

milk + dairy products

Answer 5

mostly cow’s milk.

- yogurt, sour cream, hard cheese, cottage cheese, cream, butter, custard

Question 6

beverages

Answer 6

black tea, coffee, mineral water (source of Ca2+), milk, alcohol

Question 7

3 main alcoholic beverages

Answer 7

vodka: distilled fermented corn, rye, wheat. 40% ethanol
beer: fermented cereal grains. lower alcohol content than spirit
wine: from grapes. red = grape skin. white wine = non-coloured grape pulp

Question 8

alcohol conusmption in europe - concern?

Answer 8

episodic consumption of high amount = concern = liver disease + accidents.

history of hgih tolerance. more likely to produce alcohol dehydrogenase.

Question 9

medieval consumption of alcohol

Answer 9

low alcohol content in beer = dank by children. kills bacteria, calories + Bvitamins

Question 10

similarities among all european foods

Answer 10

meat is huge portion of meal

Question 11

UK and ireland

- traditional diet

Answer 11

3 meals a day, largest meal in evening. 
meat, dairy, refined wheat. 
root + cold-tolerant veg. 
4 cups of black tea/day
few herbs/spices

Question 12

what is full english breakfast?

Answer 12

sausage, bacon, fried tomatoes, toast, egg

Question 13

what are scones? when eaten?

Answer 13

little pastry. snack 4pm

Question 14

cottage pie vs shepherds pie

Answer 14

savoury

Question 15

yorkshire pudding

Answer 15

savoury

Question 16

chips?

Answer 16

fries

Question 17

traditional meals similar?

Answer 17

meat based, high saturated fat

Question 18

pub in UK

Answer 18

AKA public house

-sell alcohol, . beer is just over half a litre.
social drinking in pub + club. = 99.4L drink yearly

-> focal point for community. eat, drink, meet. some family pubs.

Question 19

children in pub?

Answer 19

legal age to drink in private is 5yoa.

children under 16 go into pub when supervised. youth buy drink w meal.

Question 20

dietary trends in UK

Answer 20

12% of brits are vegetarian/vegan
- increasing.
health + enviro reasons

Question 21

international dishes in britain

Answer 21

diverse popln due to immigration.

chicken tikka masala - “fav”

Question 22

high occurring disease in UK + Ireland

Answer 22

cardiovascular disease.

obesity, excessive alcohol consumption

Question 23

german food culture - religion?

Answer 23

christian, catholic/lutheran

Question 24

traditional german food

Answer 24

bread - lightly seasoned.

breakfast: meat, cheese sandwich.
lunch: main meal - veg, potato, meat.

dinner: smaller: sandwiches

Question 25

german herbs

Answer 25

caraway, dill, chives

Question 26

classic german dishes

Answer 26

schnitzel; goulash; beef rouladen

Question 27

German - wursts

Answer 27

cooked meats, and sausage.
often grilled + accompanied by sauerkraut, potato, mustard.

sausages: anaerobic activity, botulism thrive. sodium nitrate salt - preservative against clostridium + botulism. sodium nitrate can convert to nitrosamines in body = may cause cancer (colon, stomach). ascorbic acid (fruit + veg)- protect from nitrosamiens, less susceptible to cancer.

Question 28

german - potatoes

Answer 28

70kg of potatoes a year.

Question 29

what are brassica veg

Answer 29

brussels, sauerkraut, cooked red cabbage,
->contain sulfur compounds = glucosinolates. may protect against some cancers

fermented is good: eat cruciferous veg, lactobacillus probiotic + increase vitK - but unpasteurized is best

Question 30

german - bread

Answer 30

staple food. rye + wheat.
pumpernickel.
pretzel.

Question 31

german - oktoberfest

Answer 31

beer gardens. largest beer festival.

Question 32

ukraine - religion?

Answer 32

christians and catholic

Question 33

ukraine - beverages

Answer 33

tea, coffee, kefir. buttermilk, mineral water, fruit juice, alcohol.

Question 34

buttermilk in ukraine vs buttermilk in india

Answer 34

Ukraine: fermented w lactic acid = soour.
India: low-fat liquid after producing butter

Question 35

ukraine veg

Answer 35

beet, cucumber, cabbage (glucosinolate, sodium if fermented), unpasteurized sauerkraut (live lactobacilli + probiotics). pasteurized less healthy bc kill probiotics
- mushrooms (antioxidant, pro-inflammatory)

Question 36

ukraine cabbage rolls

Answer 36

cooked cabbage, encase meat. dill season

Question 37

ukraine soup

Answer 37

barszcz: beets.

have nitrate

Question 38

chronic inflammation

Answer 38

= cancer, diabetes, depression, heart disease, stroke, alzheimer. -> imbalace, chronic disease.

antioxidants in veg can be anti-inflammatory
periodontitis = set off inflammatory response in body.

Question 39

disease profile in central europe

Answer 39

cardiovascular disease, alcohol-related disease.
risk factors: smoking, low physical activity, hypertension, excessive alcohol, type 2 diabetes.
- men more likely to die prematurely.

Question 40

Germany: sourdough bread

Answer 40

ferment thru bacteria in the air.
leavening by fermentation of yeast in bread.
sour/distinct taste based on yeast in air.

lower glycemic index than packaged yeast-bread. yeast interacts w dough causing less spike in bgluc levels

Question 41

what is glycemic index

Answer 41

the amount that the food you eat increases blood glucose. how soon + how much after ingesting.

• > lower glycemic index = lower spike.
• > higher GI = higher spike. can cause chronic issues - insulin resistance + diabetes.