cross-cultural health beliefs related to food (P1+2)

Question 1

wester biomedicine

Answer 1

western is the same for everyone, rest are alternative.

evidence-based

Question 2

food as medicine

Answer 2

dietary practices to maintain health + to treat illness

Question 3

how does western biomedicine differ from folk medicine?

Answer 3

food is used to maintain wellness and to treat disease.

-> evidence required to prove that nutrition is therapy differs.

Question 4

define biomedicine

Answer 4

system of clinical medicine based on principles of natural sciences, including biology, physiolocy + biochemistry.

Question 5

biomedicine - body treated?

Answer 5

as machine. understood by laws of physics, chem + physiology know pathway + effects

Question 6

biomedicine - Disease is?

Answer 6

malfunction of body’s biological parts or mechanisms.

Question 7

traditional - disease is?

Answer 7

spiritual, negative thoughts. other aspects of self that caused disease.

Question 8

biomedicine focus:

Answer 8

internal workings of body. treat with medicine

Question 9

traditional focus:

Answer 9

look at whole body + aligning/balancing it.

treat healthy - prevention

Question 10

biomedical perspective of food as medicine

Answer 10

food is nutrients. eating well important to good health.

Question 11

dietetics + dieticients - what kind of practice?

Answer 11

evidence-based practice. dieticians translate complex scientific evidence into practical solutions to promote health + manage conditions

Question 12

how does evidence-based medicine work

Answer 12

applies best evidence from scientific method.

evidence quality based on type, statistical validity, clinical relevance, peer-review acceptance

Question 13

hierarchy of evidence used in clinical decision-making

Answer 13

1. background info/expert opinion
2. case studies
3. cohort study
4. randomied control trials
5. critically appraised articles
6. critically appraised topics - evidence synthesis
7. systematic reviews

higher up =higher quality of research

Question 14

evidence-based dietary and exercise guidelines

Answer 14

healthy weight, physically active, consume healthy diet, limit alcohol consumption

Question 15

how do guidelines influence cancer risk?

Answer 15

high adherence = decrease of overall cancer incidence and mortality.
= confident in guidelines that they’re based on confirmatory scientific evidence

Question 16

folk medicine - who uses and heals?

Answer 16

trained, apprentice. sometimes “gift” sometimes runs in family.

some ppl use as primary, poor or remote areas.

Question 17

folk medicine belief - what therapy?

Answer 17

food, herbal medicine, spirituality and manual therapy to diagnose, treat, prevent illness

Question 18

common folk medicine belief - discuss

Answer 18

you are what you eat.
you take on attributes of food.
-> incorporate its traits.
-> food resembles body parts, good for that part when cosumed. : brain - walnut
-> aphrodisiac qualities resemble genitalia: banana, oyster

Question 19

african food taboo in pregnancy - Nigeria

Answer 19

rural Nigeria: avoid meat, fish, nut, bean. red monkey = child look like monkey. snake = delay walking

Question 20

African food taboo - tanzania

Answer 20

fish, egg consumption in high risk for anemia.

fish: child breath like fish, lots of amnitotic fluid @ delivery.
meat: take on characteristics of animal
eggs: bald

Question 21

you are what you eat - hot + cold beliefs

Answer 21

perceived energetically hot/cold or neutral depending on effect on body.
-> ingest food, take on energetic characteristics

Question 22

pregnancy in india

Answer 22

eating food increase heat = cause miscarriage (sesame, papaya, mango, pineapple)
iron supplements darken skin.
saffron = fair skinned
ghee = easy delivery

Question 23

you are what you eat - carotenoids

Answer 23

evidence that what we eat does change how we look

Question 24

symbolic properties of food

Answer 24

words often sound similar to word used to describe happiness, prosperity, or health

Question 25

alternative based on?

Answer 25

balance.

btw hot/col, wet/dry.

Question 26

what is principle of opposites?

Answer 26

individual is given foods/medicines of opposite quality of condition to restore balance. avoid foods of same quality

Question 27

name traditional medical systems that embrace “balance”

Answer 27

ayurvedic system of india; humoral system of ancient greece, islamic traditional, mexican folk, traditional chinese

Question 28

humoral system of Greece: organized how?

Answer 28

aorund 4 elements of earth, water, air, fire.
around 4 qualities of cold, hot, moist, dry
around 4 humors: blood, yellow bile, black bile, phlegm

Question 29

greek humoral imbalance

Answer 29

imbalance = ickness. healed by ingesting foods to correct balance.
winter - cold: give hot.
summer - fever: give cold, dry

Question 30

postpartum punjabi immigrants

Answer 30

state of heat during pregnancy - avoid hot. during and after labour - lose blood = cold. hot food.
-> difficult in western hospital bc cold food

Question 31

mexican traditional women - similar to punjabi

Answer 31

heat leaves in childbirth = mexican put cotton in ear to keep heat in.

Question 32

traditional chinese medicine

• taught where/
• basic principle?

Answer 32

taught alongside western medicine.

• ancient.
• keep body in harmony with enviro for optimal health.
• proper combos of food + methods.

Question 33

TCM principles?

Answer 33

acupuncture, pulse reading, tai chi, diet therapy thru food + herb

Question 34

TCM beliefs

Answer 34

positive + negative energy = yin + yang.
imbalance = illness.
stage of life (age) determines food that should be eaten.

Question 35

what is yin?

Answer 35

cold, dark, moist, female, negative.

Question 36

what is yang?

Answer 36

heat, bright, dry, male, positive.

meat almost always yang = hot

Question 37

health beliefs of older chinese in Canada

Answer 37

soup is good for health = tonic. good for energy
fried food = too much heat.
herbal medicine: fewer side effects, balance yin+yang

Question 38

postpartum beliefs of chinese-americans NYC

Answer 38

cold, fruit/veg = harmful to mothers. decrease milk production

soup promote breastmilk prouction

Question 39

TCM - video.
balance cool foods?
some foods with inherent hot quality?

Answer 39

balance cool by deep frying.
hot: lamb, beef, spicy. yang

yin - cool. reduce heat in body

Question 40

traditional arabic + islamic medicine referred to as?

Answer 40

medicine of the prophet. botanical herbs. may explore as alternative or supplement to modern medicine.

Question 41

components of TAIM

Answer 41

fasting, medicinal plants as tea, infusion, ointment.
black seed: healing properties for most illness
honey : promote circulation

Question 42

mexican folk medicine - primary healing method?

Answer 42

curanderismo. faithful - bad thoughts = sickness. pray, massage part of treatment

Question 43

Mexican folk med - person in good health when?

treat with what?

Answer 43

when equal balance of hot + cold in body.

use herb + plant to treat: onion, garlic, aloe vera, herbal tea.

Question 44

Practices in Mexico by who?

Answer 44

poor + uninsured.
more educated, well-off use western med.
immigrants in US use traditional bc can’t afford US med-care

Question 45

Mexican - holistic system of beliefs about?

Answer 45

sorcery, when frightened = soul loss, loss of homeostasis. pray to make soul come back
-> includes aztec + mayan beliefs

Question 46

mexican belief about type 2 diabetes
fright =?
consult? treatment?

Answer 46

loss of soul. consult healer.
treatment:: cactus plant (nopal - increase blood glucose to moderate it.. not harmful, but not tested), spiritual healing, prayer, massage

Question 47

first nation perception of diabetes

Answer 47

white man disease, loss of traditional lifestyle.

• > fact of life, attitudes fatalistic ( everyone gets it)
• > FN practice may be used, but not expressed to health professional

Question 48

culturally competent care: based on?

Answer 48

can’t hurt, could help. can hurt, can’t help.

respect, communicate, understand + engage