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History GCSE WES > Norman England c1066-c1100, Part Three: The Norman Church and monasticism > Flashcards

Norman England c1066-c1100, Part Three: The Norman Church and monasticism Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the religion of Norman England?

A

Catholicism

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2
Q

How influential was the Church?

A

It was involved in education, politics, medicine, economics, religion obviously, and law.

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3
Q

Who produced books in Norman England?

A

The Church was the only institution that did.

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4
Q

How was the Church involved in politics?

A

Leading clergymen could be members of the Witan.

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5
Q

How as the Church involved in law?

A

The Church heard cases of crimes committed on Church land.

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6
Q

What was the popular architectural style for cathedrals at this time?

A

Romanesque style

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7
Q

Why were cathedrals built?

A

To show devotion to God, and to dominate the landscape and show Normans were now in charge.

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8
Q

What was a famous cathedral built at the time?

A

Durham Cathedral

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9
Q

What was the basic structure of cathedrals?

A

They were built in a cross shape.
They often faced east, like Durham, to Jerusalem.

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10
Q

What were William’s four main concerns with the Church when he became king?

A

Pluralism
Simony
Nepotism
Marriage

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11
Q

What is pluralism?

A

Clergy holding multiple jobs (and getting paid for them). e.g. A priest might be in charge of a parish in the south-west and another in the north-east, but never visit either of them.

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12
Q

What is simony?

A

Selling positions or jobs within the Church

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13
Q

What is nepotism?

A

Appointing unqualified family members to positions of power.

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14
Q

What was the problem with marriage within the Church?

A

Priests must be celibate. In reality, many priests were married and had children.

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15
Q

How many Anglo-Saxon bishops were there left?

A

In 1080, there was only one left.

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16
Q

Who was Lanfranc?

A

A Norman bishop, made Archbishop of Canterbury in 1070.

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17
Q

When did Lanfranc become Archbishop of Canterbury?

A

1070

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18
Q

Who did Lanfranc replace in becoming Archbishop of Canterbury?

A

Stigand, an Anglo-Saxon, was replaced.

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19
Q

How was the Church structured under William?

A

Dioceses were divided into archdeaconries, which were then divided into deaneries.

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20
Q

Who oversaw dioceses?

A

Bishops

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21
Q

In which towns were new cathedrals built?

A

Coventry, Salisbury and Lincoln.

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22
Q

What was ‘Peter’s Pence’?

A

A tax of one pence paid by every household that went to the Vatican.

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23
Q

When was the Council of Winchester?

A

1076

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24
Q

What did the Council of Winchester order?

A

That only Church courts can try clergy

25
Q

Did William’s attempts at reform work?

A

Partially. However, many parish priests remained married.

26
Q

What relationship did William have with the Pope?

A

It declined as time went on. This continued under William II

27
Q

What was a reason William and the Pope’s relationship deteriorated?

A

William rewarded supporters with religious positions. However, only the Church had the power to do this.

28
Q

How did William profit from the Church?

A

They collected geld (a tax) from religious houses and stole ornaments from English churches to send them to Norman churches.

29
Q

When did Pope Alexander order William to pay penance?

A

1070

30
Q

Who ordered William to pay penance?

A

Pope Alexander

31
Q

What did Pope Alexander order William to do as penance?

A

Build the Battle Abbey at the site of the Battle of Hastings.

32
Q

When was the Investiture Controversy?

A

1078

33
Q

What was the Investiture Controversy?

A

The Pope banning kings from appointing bishops and abbots.

34
Q

How did the Investiture Controversy end?

A

With the Concordat of Worms in 1122.

35
Q

What did the Investiture Controversy cause to Pope to King relationships in Europe?

A

Major disagreements

36
Q

What rule did monks and nuns follow?

A

The Rule of St Benedict

37
Q

What did the Rule of St Benedict entail?

A
  • Vow of poverty
  • Vow of chastity
  • Vow of obedience
  • Vow of stability
38
Q

Who were lay people?

A

People that were not members of a religious order

39
Q

What did monks and nuns do during their day?

A

Copy out texts, tend to the sick and help the poor.

40
Q

William encouraged the building of abbeys and monasteries. True or false?

A

True. Many grand buildings were constructed.

41
Q

What did William do to ensure the Rule of St Benedict was properly enforced?

A

He brought abbots and abbesses from Normandy to English monasteries.

42
Q

When was the Culniac Order introduced to England?

A

1077

43
Q

What was different between the Culniac order to the Benedictine order?

A

The Culniac order interpreted the rule of St Benedict more strictly.

44
Q

What did William do as penance for his violent invasion?

(For the monasteries)

A

He gave them money and land.

45
Q

Who in the family would usually become a monk or nun?

A

Sons who wouldn’t inherit anything became monks and daughters who could not be married off became nuns.

46
Q

What challenge was there with education?

A

Norman reform meant children could no longer be educated in monasteries, but barons and knights still wanted their children to be educated to the highest level.

47
Q

How many schools were there?

A

By the twelfth century, 40 schools were established.
By the thirteenth, 75.

48
Q

What was the language used in schools?

A

French. All writing was in latin.

49
Q

When did Lanfranc die?

A

1089

50
Q

When was Anselm appointed?

A

1093

51
Q

Who did Anselm support?

A

The Pope (Gregory)

52
Q

What was the main function of grammar schools?

A

To educate the clergy and produce literate lay people.

53
Q

Were girls educated?

A

No. They could not attend grammar schools. They would rarely be educated at home; this only happened in rich families.

54
Q

In what language did students write?

A

In latin. They were also taught to speak in latin and formed a detailed understanding of latin grammar.

55
Q

When did the school year start and end?

A

Start in September, end in June for peasant children to help with the harvest.

56
Q

What jobs did students typically pursue after grammar school?

A

Parish priest, secretarial clerk or merchant.

57
Q

What age did boys start grammar school?

A

At ten

58
Q

How long did boys have to go to grammar school.

A

Four years

History GCSE WES (14 decks)

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