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History GCSE WES > Migration c790 to the present day, Part 4: Britain in the 20th century > Flashcards

Migration c790 to the present day, Part 4: Britain in the 20th century Flashcards

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1
Q

How much land did the British Empire cover?

A

At its peak, in 1921, it covered a quarter or the world’s total land area.

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2
Q

How many people lived in the British Empire?

A

At its peak, 450 million people lived in the British Empire.

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3
Q

What was the economic impact of the World Wars on Britain?

A

They weakened Britain. After the Second World War, Britain was completely bankrupted.

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4
Q

Why did many colonies want independence?

A
  • They had fought in the World Wars
  • They wanted to run their own country
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5
Q

When was the Indian National Congress founded?

A

1885

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6
Q

What contribution did India make in WW1?

A

They provided soldiers, food, materials and finance to Britain.

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7
Q

When did the Indian independence movement start to become more popular?

A

In the 1920s, under Mohandas Gandhi’s leadership

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8
Q

When is the Government of India passed?

A

1935

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9
Q

What does the Government of India do?

A

It allows India to run its own affairs, except the army.
However, it is still part of the BE and is ruled by a viceroy.

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10
Q

What group is formed for Indian Muslims?

A

The Muslim League

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11
Q

What does the Muslim League call for?

A

A country for Indian Muslims

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12
Q

When does Britain offer independence to India?

A

1946

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13
Q

How is India divided up?

A

Hindu India and Muslim Pakistan

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14
Q

When does Pakistan become independent?

A

14th August 1947

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15
Q

When does India become independent?

A

15th August 1947

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16
Q

When was Gandhi assassinated?

A

January 1948

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17
Q

Who assassinated Gandhi?

A

A Hindu extremist who hated his tolerance for Muslims.

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18
Q

When did the Suez Crisis happen?

A

1956

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19
Q

What caused the Suez Crisis?

A

Egypt had taken control of the British-French owned Suez Canal.

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20
Q

What was Britain and France’s reaction to Egypt’s takeover of the canal?

A

They landed with troops in the area, backed by Israel, who also sent troops.

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21
Q

What was the US and UN’s reaction to the Suez Crisis?

A

They both condemned the British and French invasions.

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22
Q

What was the outcome of the Suez Crisis for the British Government?

A
  • The Prime Minister resigned in disgrace
  • They realised they could no longer go to war if the rest of the world disapproved.
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23
Q

When did the campaign for independence in West Africa begin?

A

In the 1920s

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24
Q

What did the National Congress of British West Africa ask the British?

A

For more control of their own affairs, but the British refused.

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25
Q

When did the campaigns for independence in West Africa become more popular?

A

1940s

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26
Q

Who was the key independence leader in the Gold Coast?

A

Dr Kwame Nkrumah

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27
Q

When did Nkrumah win the elections?

A

In 1951, whilst he was still in jail, and 1956, after which the British agreed to leave.

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28
Q

When did the Gold Coast achieve independence?

A

In March 1957

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29
Q

What did the Kenya African Union campaign for?

A

Independence and access to white-owned land

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30
Q

Who were the Mau Mau?

A

A violent resistance group to colonial rule.

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31
Q

Who was the leader of the Kenya African Union?

A

Jomo Kenyatta

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32
Q

How long did the Mau Mau Rebellion last?

A

Eight years

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33
Q

When did Kenya achieve independence?

A

12 December 1962, Kenyatta, who had been released from prison in 1961, became Prime Minister.

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34
Q

When did Irish people migrate to England after 1945?

A

In the 1950s and 1960s

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35
Q

When did people from the West Indies migrate to England after 1945?

A

Many from 1948 to 1970

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36
Q

When did people from Cyprus migrate to England after 1945?

A

In 1950s, and further arrivals in the 1970s.

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37
Q

When did people from Europe migrate to England after 1945?

A

Mainly from the 1930s to the 1950s

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38
Q

Why did Irish people migrate to England?

A

Jobs, better pay, and joining families.

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39
Q

Why did people from the West Indies migrate to England?

A

They were encouraged to come to fill the labour shortage.

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40
Q

Why did people from Cyprus migrate to England?

A

Because of violence and Turkey’s invasion of the island.

41
Q

Why did people from Europe migrate to England?

A

Fleeing from Nazi and Russian rule.

42
Q

How many Jews fled the Nazis in the 1930s?

A

In the 1930s, around 60,000 German Jews fled the Nazis.

43
Q

When did people from East Asia migrate to England?

A

1950s and 1960s

44
Q

Why did people from East Asia migrate to England?

A

Looking for work, escaping poverty and hardship

45
Q

When did people from South Asia migrate to England?

A

Late 1940s and 1950s

46
Q

Why did people from South Asia migrate to England?

A

To flee the violence and fighting during the partitioning of India.

47
Q

When did Idi Amin overthrow the Ugandan leader?

A

1971

48
Q

Who was Idi Amin?

A

He rose to the highest rank possible for a black man in the British colonial army.

49
Q

When did Amin expel all Asians from Uganda?

A

1972

50
Q

When was Amin overthrown?

A

1979

51
Q

When was the British Nationality Act passed?

A

1948

52
Q

What was the British Nationality Act?

A

It gave British citizenship to all who lived within the British Empire. They could all go to work in Britain.

53
Q

When did the Empire Windrush first bring immigrants to Britain?

A

June 1948

54
Q

How many immigrants from the West Indies were arriving in Britain?

A

By 1960, 40,000 West Indian immigrants were arriving each year.

55
Q

What was the attitudes preventing immigrants from renting houses and getting jobs called?

A

The ‘colour bar’

56
Q

When did Claudia Jones come to Britain?

A

She gained asylum in 1955

57
Q

What newspaper did Claudia Jones found?

A

The West Indian Gazette

58
Q

When was the West Indian Gazette founded?

A

1958

59
Q

How did the Notting Hill Carnival start?

A

Claudia Jones launched an annual ‘Mardi Gras’ event, that was principally aimed at West Indian immigrants. It eventually became the Notting Hill Carnival.

60
Q

What is the Notting Hill Carnival?

A

One of the largest street festivals in the world.

61
Q

When did the Falklands War happen?

A

1982

62
Q

When were the Falklands claimed by the British?

A

They were claimed in 1833

63
Q

What are the Falklands called in Spanish?

A

Las Islas Malvinas

64
Q

Who lived on the Falkland Islands?

A

The majority of the population of about 2000 are of British descent.

65
Q

Who was the leader of Argentina at the time of the Falklands War?

A

General Galtieri

66
Q

Why did Argentina invade the Falkland Islands?

A

The Argentinian economy was doing badly. Galtieri hoped a victory would restore morale in his country.

67
Q

When did the invasion of the Falklands start?

A

2nd April 1982

68
Q

How many Argentine troops invaded the islands?

A

12,000

69
Q

Who was the British Prime Minister at the time of the Falklands War?

A

Margaret Thatcher

70
Q

How many ships did the British send to the Falklands?

A

100 ships

71
Q

How many troops did the British send to the Falklands?

A

28,000 troops

72
Q

When did the conflict in the Falklands end?

A

14 June, when the Argentines surrendered.

73
Q

What did the Falklands War cost militarily?

A

The British lost 6 ships, a further 10 were damaged, lost 34 aircraft.

74
Q

How much money was spent on the Falklands War?

A

£2.5 billion

75
Q

When was Thatcher re-elected?

A

1983

76
Q

What was the long term impact of the Falklands War?

A

It increased international respect for Britain, who was seen as a fading world power.

77
Q

When is the ECSC formed?

A

1951

78
Q

What does the ECSC stand for?

A

European Coal and Steel Community

79
Q

What does the ECSC do?

A

It combines the member countries’ coal and steel industries together.

80
Q

What is the ECSC renamed to?

A

EEC

81
Q

What does EEC stand for?

A

European Economic Community

82
Q

When is the ECSC renamed?

A

1957

83
Q

Who are the founding members of the ECSC?

A

France, West Germany, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg

84
Q

When is Britain admitted to the EEC?

A

1973

84
Q

When is the first UK referendum held for remaining part of the EEC?

A

1975

85
Q

What was the result of the first referendum?

A

Two to one in favour of staying in the EEC.

86
Q

When were the first elections for the European Parliament held?

A

1979

87
Q

What is the Maastricht Treaty?

A

It renamed the community as the European Union, it for

88
Q

When was the Maastricht Treaty signed?

A

1992

89
Q

When did the Maastricht Treaty come into force?

A

1993

90
Q

When is the Euro introduced?

A

2002

91
Q

How many member states were there in the EU in 2013?

A

28

92
Q

When was the second UK referendum held?

A

2016

93
Q

What was the result of that second referendum?

A

52% Leave
48% Remain

94
Q

When did the UK officially leave the EU?

A

2020

95
Q

What group of countries joined the EU in 2004?

A

Eight eastern European countries who had recently achieved independence from the USSR.

96
Q

How many Eastern European immigrants came to Britain when they joined the EU?

A

In two years, around 600,000 of them came.

97
Q

Why was there an influx in migration from outside the EU after WW2?

A
  • They were encouraged to come to Britain
  • Many came from war-torn countries and came as refugees.

History GCSE WES (14 decks)

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