Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Structure And Function 2 Test 3 > Norden - Visual > Flashcards

Norden - Visual Flashcards

1
Q

The four main central targets for retinal cell ganglia axons are ?

A

Lateral geniculate nucleus

Superior colliculus

Pretectum

Hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why do retinal ganglion cells synapse in the hippocampus?

A

Circadian rythms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Each LGN processes information from where?

A

The contralateral visual hemifield of vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The lateral geniculate gets its blood from ?

A

Anterior choroidal (Internal carotid)

Posterior cerebral A. (Basilar artery)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The geniculo calcarine tract (aka optic radiations) project where?

A

They go from LGN to area 17

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Axons coming out of the medial part of the LGN go to what part of the calcarine cortex?

A

Cuneus gyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Axons coming out of the lateral portion of the LGN travel in Meyer’s Loop to where?

A

Lingual gyrus of the calcarine cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The optic radiations represent the _____ ____ of vision

A

Contralateral hemifield

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Other higher-order visual cortical areas in occipital, temporal and parietal lobes

A

Extrastriate visual field

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Identifying “what” an object is requires projects to extrastriate visual areas of ____

A

Occipital and temporal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Identifying “ where “ an object is involves projections to extrastriate areas in the ++___+__I_)*(

A

Occipital and parietal lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The superior colliculus sends visual information where?

A 
Thalamus
Pons (to send to cerebellum)
Cervical spinal cord (to turn head)
CN III, IV, VI
Reticular formation (for arousal
Cortex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Plays a role in orienting to moving stimuli and in directing gaze

A

Superior colliculus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the pathway in which the superior colliculus sends axons to the cortex?

A

The superior colliculus projects to the thalamus, a subdivision of the pulvinar to be specific, which then projects to extrastriate visual cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

RGC’s projecting to the pretectum is part of the pathway that mediates the ______

A

Pupillary light reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What type of RGC’s project to the hypothalamus

A

RGC’s that are specific for ambient light. They do not otherwise have an effect in vision.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where in the hypothalamus do ambient light -sensing RGC’s specifically project?

A

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The inability to match a face with an identity (occurs due to higher order visual area damage bilaterally)

A

Prosopagnosia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How can you check an eye?

A

Look at visual reflexes, eye movements, fundus, changes in vision

20
Q

The only place in the body where blood vessels and CNS tissue can be observed directly

A

The fundus

21
Q

The fovea is ___ mm lateral to the optic disk

A

3.5

22
Q

The optic disc is ____ in diameter

A

1.5mm

23
Q

Papilledema indicates what?

A

Increased intracranial pressure

24
Q

What does increased cranial pressure do in papilledema

A

Increased cranial pressure causes the subarachnoid space to impinge on the retinal veins, causing nerve head to be congested.

Also impinges on the axo-plasmic transport of RGC axons in the optic nerve

25
Q

Optic neuritis is a common presenting sign in ?

A

Multiple sclerosis

26
Q

Relative afferent pupillary defect

A

Marcus Gunn pupil

27
Q

Can be caused by optic nerve inflammation.

Stimulation of the affected eye has a more sluggish direct response relative to the direct response of the unaffected eye.

A

Marcus Gunn Pupil

Relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD_

28
Q

Signs of Shaken baby syndrome

A

Ecchymosis on the sternum

Retinal hemorrhage
Papilledema
Retinal detachment
Decreased responsiveness

29
Q

Long term consequences if infants survive shaken baby syndrome

A

Diffuse axonal injury
Blindness
Epilepsy’
Intellectual impairment

30
Q

A separation of the brain at the junction of the pons and medulla

A

Brainstem avulsion.

31
Q

Loss of an entire 1/2 field of vision

A

Homonymous hemianopsias

32
Q

Lesions central (caudal) to the optic chiasms cause?

A

Homonymous hemianopsias

33
Q

Nasal retinal fibers project

A

Contralaterally after the chiasm

34
Q

Superior retinal quadrants (inferior visual fields) project to the _____ part of the lateral geniculate nucleus

A

Medial

35
Q

The inferior retinal quadrants (the superior visual quadrants) projects to the ____ part of the lateral geniculate nucleus

A

Lateral

36
Q

The lower retinal fields project :

A

To the lateral portion of the LGN and then to the lingual gyrus

37
Q

What part of the calcarine cortex does the macula project to ?

A

The posterior 1/3

38
Q

What part of the LGN does the macular retina project to ?

A

Central

39
Q

In visual field loss from unilateral lesions posterior to the chiasm, defects are homonymous and respect ?

A

The vertical meridian

40
Q

The LGN is located where?

A

Lateral and posterior in the thalamus

41
Q

In the thalamus, the _____- is dorsal to both the LGN and the MGN

A

Pulvinar

42
Q

The LGN is supplied by the?

A

Anterior choroidal artery

Branches of posterior cerebral A.

43
Q

Where do the two divisions of the geniculo-calcarine pathway (optic radiations) reconnect?

A

In the internal capsule

44
Q

The subdivisions of the of geniculo-calcarine tract are supplied by?

A

Branches of the MCA and PCA

45
Q

Located dorsally in the thalamus
Relays visual information to the extrastriate visual cortex
Receives its major visual input from the superior colliculus

A

Pulvinar

Structure And Function 2 Test 3 (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions