Grover- Learning And Memory Flashcards

1
Q

A change in behavior, or acquisition of knowledge or skills that occurs as a result of exerience

A

Learning

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2
Q

Retention of a learned behavior knowledge or skills

A

Memory

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3
Q

Declarative memory stage. Lasts seconds. Also called the sensory registry. Info from this stage must be further processed or will be rapidly lost

A

Immediate phase

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4
Q

Digit span test

A

Give patient a randomly sequenced order of numbers, all single digit. See how many they can remember. Most people, between 5 and 9

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5
Q

This phase requires conscious attention. Will allow for the storage of 5-9 pieces of inormation.
Transient.

A

Short-term memory

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6
Q

What can disrupt information which is incompletely consolidated into long term memory?

A

Head trauma, seizures,, electroconvulsive therapy

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7
Q

What is one way to test the long-term memory?

A

Famous faces test. Show person faces of people that are famous that they should recognize.

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8
Q

This phase of memory is resistance to forgetting. Requires consolidation of information, which is not sure how long it takes .
Does not require constant attention

A

Long term memory

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9
Q

Declarative memory impairment

A

Amnesia

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10
Q

Loss of memories that were already formed as a result of pathology affecting the area of the brain where these memories were stored

A

Retrograde amnesia

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11
Q

The loss of ability to form new memories. Results from damage to areas of the brain where consolidation occurs

A

Anterograde amnesia

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12
Q

Immediate memory is a function of ?

A

High level sensory/association areas of the cerebral cortex

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13
Q

Long term storage of information occurs within the ?

A

Same high level sensory/association cortical areas which are responsible for the perception of complex stimulus properitts

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14
Q

The inability to recognize familiar faces, including pt’s own face

A

Face agnosia

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15
Q

Facial agnosia results from ?

A

Bilateral lesions in the ventral visual association cortices

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16
Q

In facialagnosia, what is impaired?

A

Both a high level perceptual function and a specific memory function are imparied

17
Q

Bilateral lesions to consolidations pathways affect either (MDS or MTLS). These cause?

A

Global, anterograde amnesia

18
Q

Part of the hippocampus that is involved in memory consolidation. This area is particularly vulnerable to ischemic anoxia. Bilateral damage will produce a relatively mild global ischemia.

19
Q

Consolidation is

A

Gradual and cumulative

20
Q

Significant memory consolidation occurs

A

During sleep

Especially during slow wave sleep when large areas of hemispheres are synchronously active

21
Q

Strengthening of synapses in the basal ganglia, cerebellum, hippocampus, and neocortex occrus through aprocess called

A

Long term potentiation

22
Q

What does the activation of calcium dependent enzymes do as far as long term potentiation is concerned.

A

Increases sensitivity of postsyn neuron to glutamate by:
Phosphorylation of AMPA/KA receptors (increases gating in resposne to glu)

New ampa/ka receptors are inserted in the postsyn membrane

23
Q

Fast, catch up, movements that are not part of the HVOR reflex, but are triggered as a consequence of the reflex.

24
Q

Two common clinical tests for HVOR function are ?

A

Caloric test

Rotatory chair

25
Under normal conditions, caloric testing of the VOR, the fast movements do what?
Cold Opposite Warm Same Cows
26
The fast phase of nystagmus (saccade) is generated by eye movements controlled in the ?
Forebrain
27
A lesion involving the ____________ impairs conjugate movement of the eyes by disrupting the pathway which coordinates eye movements during the HVOR.
Medial longitudinal fasciculus
28
Absence of eye movements in an HVOR test indicates?
Lower level brain stem lesion.
29
High frequencies oscillate the basilar membrane at the ?
Base
30
Low frequencies oscillate the basilar membrane at the?
Apex
31
What protein in outer hair cells cause the cells to change length?
Prestin
32
Changes in outer hair cell length increase the relative motion of the basal and tectorial membrane, thereby
Increasing the response of the inner hair cells. This is called cochlear amplification
33
How is sound intensity encoded?
by an increase in the number of action potentials fired in individual afferent fibers (frequency coding), and by an increase in the number of afferent fibers firing action potentials.