Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Structure And Function 2 Test 3 > Norden - Integrative Systems > Flashcards

Norden - Integrative Systems Flashcards

1
Q

The three major integrative systems of the brain are ?

A

Hypothalamic

Limbic

Reticular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Maintains homeostasis

A

Hypothalamic system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does the hypothalamus release hormones into the blood?

A

Through the posterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are three ways that the hypothalamus infleunces other structures in cns or other organs?

A

Through synaptic connections.

Through release of hormones into blood (posterior pituitary)

By indirectly producing substances that stimulate or inhibit the anterior pituitary to produce/ release specific hormones into the bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Adenohypophysis

A

Anterior lobe of pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Neurohypophysis

A

Posterior lobe of pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hormones get from the hypothalamus to the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland where they will be released into circulation (after signaled by the hypothalamus) through the ____?

A

Hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Medial preoptic area/ nuclei has in it?

A

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone.

This releases follicle stimulating hormone and lutinizing hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the sexually dimorphic nucleus?

A

The medial preoptic area/nuclei of the hypothalamus is larger in males than in females due to infleunce of testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

This area of the hypothalamus contains GABA-nergic neurons which promote sleep by projecting to and inhibiting areas of the posterior hypothalamus and brainstem which promote wakefullness

A

Lateeral proptic area/ nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Paraventricular nucleus is in what region of the hypothalamus?

A

Supraoptic ( above optic chiasm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the paraventricular nucleus produce?

A

Oxytocin, corticotrophin releasing hormone and thyrotropin-releasing hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Produced in hypothalamus.
Released from posterior pituitary into bloodstream
Facilitates parturition and contraction of mammary glands.
Also enhances feelings of connection between infants and adult bonding.

A

Oxytocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

released by paraventricular nucleus into hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system. Stimulates ant. Lobe of pituitary to produce/ release adrenocorticotropic hormone

A

CRH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does adrenocorticotropic hormone do?

ACTH

A

Induces adrenal glands to produce and release corticosteroids and catecholamines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

TRH does what?

A

Released by paraventricular nucleus. Stimulates ant lobe pituitary. Release TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone). Which causes thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Main hypothalamic nuclei that controls the parasympathetic nervous system

A

Anterior nucleus/nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Biological clock of hypothalamus. Receives direct input from primitive retinal ganglion cells {ambient light receptors} which establish circadian rhythms

A

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Has neurons which produce, store and transport anti-diuretic hormone (ADH; aka vasopressin)

A

Supraoptic nucleus

20
Q

Dilated nerve terminals which may store anti-diuretic hormone.

A

Herring bodies

21
Q

When released to circulation, this binds receptors in the distal tubules and collecting ducts of the kidneys and promotes the reabsorption of free water into circulation

A

Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) (vasopressin)

22
Q

What does damage to the supraoptic nucleus or the supraoptic-hypophyseal tract do?

A

Impairs the production and/or release of ADH, causes rapid loss of free water from the kidney, which can be lethal (diabetes insipidus)

23
Q

Inappropriate ADH hypersecretion

A

Excessive retention of free water, leading to hyponatremia

24
Q

Causes of inappropriate ADH hypersecretion?

A

Traumatic brain injury, subarachnoid hemorrhage, infection of the brain / meninges

25
Q

Part of medial zone of the tuberal region of the hypothalamus which is involved in ANS activity, stress response, eating behaviour, emotions, and circadian rhythms

A

Dorsomedial nucleus

26
Q

What happens when the ventromedial nucleus in the medial zone of the tuberal region of the hypothalamus is stimulated?

A

The urge to eat is suppressed

27
Q

Satiety center is what?

A

Ventromedial nucleus of medial zone of tuberal region of hypothalamus

28
Q

Releases growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) into the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system where it stimulates the anterior lobe of the pituitary to produce/release growth hormone into the bloodstream

(2) Plays a role in appetite regulation along with the ventromedial nucleus
(3) Releases dopamine (in the hypothalamus, dopamine is referred to as prolactin-inhibiting factor) to the anterior pituitary, where it inhibits the synthesis and release of prolactin; the tuberoinfundibular pathway is one of the 4 main dopaminergic projections in the brain

A

Arcuate nucleus

29
Q

Feeding center

A

Lateral hypothalamic area

30
Q

Stimulation of the lateral hypothalamic area causes what?

A

Increased appetite and eating.

Lesions -> anorexia and death from starvation

31
Q

Lesions in the lateral hypothalamic area can causse?

A

Anorexia

32
Q

What is the function of the posterior nuclei of the hypothalamus ( mostly located in the. Mammillary region )

A

Main control of sympathetic nervous system

Responsible for heat conservation

Contains hypocretin/prexin neurons that maintain awake stake.

33
Q

What do you get in regards to thermoregulation if you damage the posterior nuclei?

A

Hypothermia. These nuclei are responsible for heat regulation.

34
Q

Individuals with fewer H/O (hypocretin/orexin neurons) in the posterior nuclei of the hypothalamus may develop which neurological disorder?

A

Narcolepsy.

These nuclei are responsible for maintaining the awake state

35
Q

What two functions do the mammillary nuclei have ?

A

Memory, via connections to limbic system

Histaminergic neurons in mamillary nuclei play a role in arousal

36
Q

Most common type of pituitary tumor?

A

Prolactinoma

37
Q

What does prolactinomas cause?

A

Overproduction of prolactin

38
Q

Abnormal discharge of fluid/milk from the breast

A

Galactorrhea

39
Q

What can having increased prolactin cause?

A

Decreased libido
Genital atrophy
Galactorrhea

In females; amennorhea

In males; impotence

40
Q

Absence or abnormal ceasing of the menses

A

Amenorrheaa.

Can be secondary to increased prolactin due to prolactinoma (pituitary tumor

41
Q

Compromise of the optic chiasm due to pituitary tumor causes what visual problem?

A

Bitemporal hemianopsia

42
Q

Lesions in the ventromedial nucleus cause what?

A

Hyperphagia, extreme obesity

43
Q

When the ventromedial nucleus is stimulated, what happens?

A

The urge to eat is suppressed

44
Q

Stimulation of the lateral hypothalamic area causes?

A

Increased appetite and eating

45
Q

Lesions in the lateral hypothalamic area can lead to ?

A

Anorexia and death from starvation.

46
Q

Hypothermia can result from the destruction of ?

A

The posterior nuclei

Structure And Function 2 Test 3 (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions