Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Structure And Function 2 Test 3 > Norden- brainstem Anatomy > Flashcards

Norden- brainstem Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

The nuclei for which CN’s lie in the brainstem?

A

III-X and XII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Major landmark structures present in the ventral medulla at both rostral and caudal levels?

A

Pyramids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where is the pyramidal decussation? (Where 85% of corticospinal axons deccusate)

A

In the caudal medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In medulla, a unilateral lesion to the descending sympathetic axons will cause _?

A

Ipsilateral horner’s syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Horner’s syndrome symptoms?

A

Ptosis, miosis, anhydrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What part of the medulla do the fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus synapse in ?

A

Caudal medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What three sensory components are in the trigeminal nerve ?

A
  1. Pain and temperature
  2. Fine touch, conscious proprioception, vibration
  3. Unconscious proprioception
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When the first order neurons of the semilunar ganglion enter the brainstem (at the level of the pons), what are they called as they descend in the dorsolateral area?

A

Spinal trigeminal tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where does the spinal trigeminal tract synapse to ?

A

The spinal trigeminal nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Axons from the second order spinal trigeminal nucleus decussate at various levels and ascend as part of the ______, before synapsing onto the medial division of the ventral posterior nucleus (VPM)

A

Trigeminothalamic tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A lesion of the spinal tract/ nucleus of V results in?

A

Loss of pain and temperature in the ipsilateral face.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Above about the midpons, a lesion of the trigeminothalamic tract result in loss of ?

A

Temperature and pain to the contralateral face.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The cerebellum is connected to the brainstem by which three paired fiber pathways?

A

Inferior (restiform body)

Middle (brachium pontis)

Superior (brachium conjuctivum)

Peduncles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The inferior cerebellar peduncle is a major feature of the dorsal part of the ____

A

Rostral medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Works to relay unconscious proprioceptive information fromo above C8 to the cerebellum

A

Accessory cuneate nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What part of the medulla are the olives in ?

A

Rostral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How do axons from the inferior olive project to the cerebellum?

A

Through the inferior cerebellar peduncle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

This important cranial nerve lies most medial in the dorsal medulla

A

Hypoglossal nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What muscle of the tongue does the hypoglossal nerve NOT innervate?

A

Palatoglossus (X)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the main function of the genioglossus?

A

Protrude tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Lies in the dorsal medulla, lateral to the hypoglossal nucleus; parasympathetic axons of _ will innervate viscera of the thorax and abdomen

A

Dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Receives gustatory afferents rostrally and visceral afferent fibers caudally

A

Nucleus of the tractus solitarius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Contains LMN’s for CN IX and X

A

Nucleus ambiguus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Contains LMN’s that innervate striated muscles of the soft palate, larynx, pharynx, and upper esophagus.

Also preganglionic sympathetic axons involved in control of heart rate

A

Nucleus ambiguus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Difficulty swallowing

A

Dysphagia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Difficulty speaking; pt will have hoarse voice

A

Dysphonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

LMN lesion of nucleus ambiguus will cause what symptoms?

A 
(Will lose CN IX and X)
Ipsilateral:
Dysphagia
Dysphonia
Dyspnea
Gag reflex gone 
Uvula deviates towards normal side
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Main blood supply to vestibular nuclei?

A

PICA (these nuclei are in dorsal medulla)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Sensation of the room spinning?

A

Vertigo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

A number of vestibular nuclei lie in the dorsal medulla; in general, lesions of these (PICA) cause?

A

Vertigo, nausea, vomiting, nystagmus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Ipsilateral lesions up to and including dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei produce:

A

Ipsilateral deafness

AICA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is contained in the pontine tegmentum?

A

Nucleus of VI and VII

Ascending sensory pathways (medial, spinal, lateral lemnisci)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Two functions of the abducens nucleus (which is located medially in the caudal pons)

A

Motor to lateral rectus muscle

Conjugate horizontal eye movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What happens in LMN lesions of CN VI

A

Ipsilateral loss of abduction —> medial strabismus —> horizontal diplopia (which is worse when looking towards the side of lesion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

CN VI weakness NOT due to lesion in the pons is referred to as

A

False localizing sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Vertical gaze center is in the midbrain, horizontal gaze center is in the _____

A

Pons

37
Q

What is the facial colliculus?

A

A bulge in the floor of the 4th ventrical which comes from axons of the motor nucleus of VII which run medially and dorsally over top of the abducens nucleus

38
Q

Unilateral lesion in the caudal pons involving the motor nucleus of CN VII or its output will produce?

A

Paralysis of the entire face ipsilateral to lesion

39
Q

UMN lesion to CN VII will cause?

A

Contralateral paralysis of the muscles of the lower face, with sparing of muscles of the upper face

40
Q

Trapezoid body and the superior olivary nucleus are located where?

A

Caudal pons

41
Q

Pontine nuclei will project to the contralateral cerebellum via

A

The middle cerebellar peduncle

42
Q

The major pathway that allows the cerebral cortex to communicate with the cerebellum

A

Middle cerebellar peduncle

43
Q

Unilateral lesions in the chief sensory nucleus of V will result in

A

Ipsilateral loss of discriminative touch, conscious proprioception, vibration.

44
Q

Relays unconscious proprioception from muscles of mastication and makes up the afferent component of the jaw jerk reflex.

A

Mesencephalic tract and nucleus

45
Q

Reticular formation nucleus that lies in the dorsolateral part of the rostral pontine tegmentum. Provides noradrenergic input to many different brain structures. Functions related to arousal, selective attention, stress response, pain modulation and mood

A

Nucleus locus coeruleus

46
Q

Midbrain contains nuclei of CN ? And ?

A

III and IV

47
Q

In the tectum of the midbrain. Plays a role in visual reflexes and facilitates sudden, reactive foveation

A

Superior colliculus

48
Q

The superior colliculus receives afferents from all of the major sensory pathways. Where does it send efferents?

A

Cervical spinal cord (to turn head)

Horizontal and vertical gaze centers (to allow for conjugate eye movements)

Pulvinar ( to relay visual info to extrastriate visual cortex )

49
Q

Which cranial nerve’s LMN is contralateral ?

A

CN IV

50
Q

LMN at the trochlear nucleus or initial segment lesion to CN IV causes what?

A

Contralateral extorsion and elevation of the eye

51
Q

What is the neurotransmitter in the rostroventral medullary area (part of regulation of pain of lat spinothalamic tract)

A

Glutamate

52
Q

What is the neurotransmitter in the nucleus raphus magnus (in the descending reg of pain in the lat spinothalamic tract)

A

5-HT or Serotonin

53
Q

What three major nuclei exist in the periaqueductal gray area of the midbrain?

A

Mesencephalic nucleus of V

Neurons involved in the descending regulation of the transmission of pain by the lateral spinothalamic tract

Vertical gaze center

54
Q

Connects the cerebellum with the red nucleus.

Decussates in the midbrain at the level of the inferior colliculus

A

Superior cerebellar peduncle

55
Q

Axons from the red nucleus, which are involved in the indirect cortico-spinal system, arise from the cortex (area 4) and the cerebellum. They synapse where, primarily?

A

In the contralateral cervical spinal cord

56
Q

Isolated unilateral lesions of the red nucleus (are rare) will produce ?

A

A tremor of the contralateral upper limb (rubral tremor)

57
Q

Unilateral lesions in the brainstem above the level of the red nucleus

A

Decorticate (flexion of arm, extension of leg) posturing contralaterally

58
Q

Decorticate posturing

A

Flexion of arm, extension of leg

59
Q

Unilateral lesions below the red nucleus, but above the vestibular nuclei cause what?

A

Decerebrate posturing contralaterally

60
Q

What is decerebrate posturing?

A

Extension of both arm and leg

61
Q

The two subdivisions of the substantia nigra are?

A

Pars compacta

Pars reticularis

62
Q

The main afferent subdivision of the substantia nigra.

Uses glutamate as neurotransmitter

A

Pars reticularis

63
Q

Projects neurons to caudate and putamen (deep nuclei) in the hemisphere.

Dopamine used for neurotransmitter

Degeneration of these causes parkinsons

A

Pars compacta

64
Q

Unilateral lesion in the middel 1/3 of the crus cerebri causes?

A

Contralateral spastic paralysis in both arm and leg.
Babinski
Other signs and symptoms from involvement of UMN’s of Cranial nerves

65
Q

The inability to carry out on command or mimic a voluntary motor movement, despite intact sensory, motor and language. Test by having patient show you how to brush their teeth

A

Apraxia

66
Q

What are 3 main inputs to the neostriatum?

A

Nigro-striatum
Cortico-striatum
Thalamo-striatum

67
Q

Restiform body

A

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

68
Q

Brachium pontis

A

Middle cerebellar peduncle

69
Q

Brachium conjuctivum

A

Superior cerebellar peduncle

70
Q

The inferior cerebellar peduncle is a major feature of ?

A

Dorsal part of the ROSTRAL medulla

71
Q

The accessory cuneate nucleus receives collaterals from?

A

Fasciculus cuneatus, above C8

72
Q

The dorsal nucles of the vagus nerve lies ____ to the hypoglossal nucleus

A

Lateral

73
Q

Lateral to the dorsal motor nucleus of X is the ?

A

Nucleus of the tractus solitarius

74
Q

The vestibular nuclei lie mostly in the __________. A lesion of PICA will affect these.
Symptoms of lesions are vertigo, n/v, nystagmus

A

Dorsal medulla

75
Q

Cochlear nuclei blood supply

A

AICA

76
Q

Cardio and resp centers in the medulla lie predominantly where?

A

Caudally

77
Q

Nucleus of CN VII is located where?

A

Caudally in the pontine tegmentum

78
Q

A unilateral lesion in the caudal pons involving the motor nucleus of CN VII will produce what?

A

An ipsilateral paralysis of the entire face.

79
Q

The pontine nuclei receive collaterals from many corticospinal axons. Where do these project to?

A

They project to the contralateral cerebellum via the middle cerebellar peduncle

80
Q

Where are the pontine nuclei?

A

In the basal portion of the pons

81
Q

Facilitates reactive foveation

A

Superior colliculus

82
Q

The superior colliculus receives afferents from?

A

All major sensory pathways

83
Q

Where is the trochlear nucleus located?

A

Dorsal midbrain tegmentum. At the level of the inferior colliculus

84
Q

Nuclear groups in the periaqueductal gray

A

Mesencephalic nucleus of V

Neurons involved int he descending regulation of the transmission of pain by the lateral spinothalamic tract

Vertical gaze center

85
Q

Unilateral lesions below the red nucleus but ABOVE the vestibular nuclei will cause?

A

Contralateral decerebrate posturing

86
Q

Pars reticularis uses ___ as NT

A

GABA

87
Q

Pars compacta uses ____ as NT

A

Dopamine

88
Q

This nucleus has axons which travel back along CN VIII and terminate on the hair cells in the organ of corti. This allows for individual pitches (such as in speech) to be disproportionately accentuated for.

A

Superior olivary nucleus (SON)

Structure And Function 2 Test 3 (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions