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Clinical Chemistry > Nonprotein Nitrogen Compounds > Flashcards

Nonprotein Nitrogen Compounds Flashcards

1
Q

What are nonprotein nitrogen compounds?

A

Compounds that contain nitrogen but are not incorporated into proteins.

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2
Q

True or False: Nonprotein nitrogen compounds can be used by organisms for protein synthesis.

A

True.

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3
Q

Give an example of a nonprotein nitrogen compound.

A

Urea.

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4
Q

Which nonprotein nitrogen compound is primarily found in urine?

A

Urea.

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5
Q

Fill in the blank: Nonprotein nitrogen compounds are important in the _____ cycle.

A

Nitrogen.

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6
Q

What is the main source of nonprotein nitrogen in animal feed?

A

Urea and other nitrogenous compounds.

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7
Q

True or False: Ammonia is a nonprotein nitrogen compound.

A

True.

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8
Q

What role do nonprotein nitrogen compounds play in ruminant nutrition?

A

They provide nitrogen for microbial protein synthesis.

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9
Q

Which of the following is NOT a nonprotein nitrogen compound: a) Urea b) Ammonia c) Glucose?

A

c) Glucose.

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10
Q

What is the significance of nonprotein nitrogen in agricultural practices?

A

They can enhance the protein content of animal feed.

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11
Q

How are nonprotein nitrogen compounds metabolized in the body?

A

They are converted into amino acids by microorganisms or liver enzymes.

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12
Q

List two types of nonprotein nitrogen compounds.

A

Urea and ammonium salts.

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13
Q

True or False: Nonprotein nitrogen compounds can contribute to environmental pollution.

A

True.

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14
Q

What is the primary function of nonprotein nitrogen in fertilizers?

A

To supply nitrogen for plant growth.

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15
Q

Fill in the blank: Nonprotein nitrogen compounds are often used in _____ formulations for livestock.

A

Feed.

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16
Q

What is the impact of excessive nonprotein nitrogen in animal diets?

A

It can lead to toxicity and health issues.

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17
Q

Which nonprotein nitrogen compound is a byproduct of protein metabolism?

A

Urea.

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18
Q

True or False: Nonprotein nitrogen compounds are not essential for human nutrition.

A

True.

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19
Q

What is the process by which nonprotein nitrogen is converted into protein in ruminants?

A

Microbial fermentation.

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20
Q

What type of nonprotein nitrogen is commonly used in livestock feeds?

A

Urea.

21
Q

Fill in the blank: The term ‘NPN’ stands for _____ nitrogen.

A

Nonprotein.

22
Q

What is one advantage of using nonprotein nitrogen in animal diets?

A

Cost-effectiveness.

23
Q

True or False: Nonprotein nitrogen compounds are only found in animal products.

A

False.

24
Q

Which enzyme is responsible for the hydrolysis of urea in the rumen?

A

Urease.

25
Q

What environmental issue can arise from the overuse of nonprotein nitrogen in agriculture?

A

Water pollution due to nitrogen runoff.

26
Q

Fill in the blank: Nonprotein nitrogen can be a source of _____ for rumen microbes.

A

Nitrogen.

27
Q

What is a common method for assessing nonprotein nitrogen levels in feed?

A

Chemical analysis.

28
Q

True or False: Nonprotein nitrogen is only beneficial for ruminants.

A

False.

29
Q

What is the primary concern with the use of nonprotein nitrogen in animal feed?

A

Potential toxicity and imbalanced nutrition.

30
Q

Fill in the blank: The efficiency of nonprotein nitrogen utilization is influenced by _____ availability.

A

Energy.

31
Q

How does the microbial population in the rumen affect nonprotein nitrogen utilization?

A

Different microorganisms can utilize nonprotein nitrogen differently.

32
Q

What is the effect of nonprotein nitrogen on the protein efficiency ratio in livestock?

A

It can improve the ratio by enhancing protein synthesis.

33
Q

True or False: Nonprotein nitrogen compounds can be used in aquaculture.

A

True.

34
Q

What is the relationship between nonprotein nitrogen and amino acids?

A

Nonprotein nitrogen must be converted to amino acids for protein synthesis.

35
Q

Fill in the blank: The use of nonprotein nitrogen in feed requires careful _____ management.

A

Nutritional.

36
Q

What is one method to reduce nitrogen waste in animal production systems?

A

Optimizing nonprotein nitrogen use.

37
Q

What are the potential benefits of including nonprotein nitrogen in ruminant diets?

A

Cost savings and improved nitrogen utilization.

38
Q

True or False: Nonprotein nitrogen sources are interchangeable with protein sources in animal diets.

A

False.

39
Q

What is the role of nonprotein nitrogen in the nitrogen cycle?

A

They contribute to nitrogen availability in ecosystems.

40
Q

What is uric acid?

A

Uric acid is a waste product formed from the breakdown of purines, which are found in certain foods and drinks.

41
Q

True or False: Uric acid is primarily excreted by the kidneys.

A

True

42
Q

Fill in the blank: High levels of uric acid in the blood can lead to ______.

A

gout

43
Q

What is the normal range of uric acid levels in the blood for men?

A

3.4 to 7.0 mg/dL

44
Q

Which of the following foods is high in purines? (a) Chicken (b) Broccoli (c) Apples (d) Rice

A

a) Chicken

45
Q

What condition is characterized by the accumulation of uric acid crystals in joints?

A

Gout

46
Q

True or False: Uric acid can form kidney stones.

A

True

47
Q

What lifestyle change can help lower uric acid levels?

A

Reducing alcohol intake

48
Q

What medication is commonly used to lower uric acid levels?

A

Allopurinol

49
Q

Identify one potential cause of elevated uric acid levels.

A

Dehydration

Clinical Chemistry (11 decks)

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