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Clinical Chemistry > Acid Base Balance > Flashcards

Acid Base Balance Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the normal pH range of human blood?

A

7.35 to 7.45

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2
Q

True or False: Acidosis refers to a condition where blood pH is below 7.35.

A

True

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3
Q

What is the primary buffer system in the human body?

A

Bicarbonate buffer system

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: The lungs help regulate acid-base balance by controlling the levels of __________ in the blood.

A

carbon dioxide

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5
Q

What organ is primarily responsible for the excretion of hydrogen ions?

A

Kidneys

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6
Q

Which condition is characterized by an increase in blood pH?

A

Alkalosis

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7
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a cause of metabolic acidosis? A) Hyperventilation B) Diarrhea C) Vomiting D) COPD

A

B) Diarrhea

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8
Q

What is the role of hemoglobin in acid-base balance?

A

Hemoglobin can bind to hydrogen ions, helping to buffer pH changes.

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9
Q

True or False: Respiratory acidosis occurs when there is decreased carbon dioxide retention.

A

False

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10
Q

What is the primary effect of respiratory alkalosis on carbon dioxide levels?

A

It decreases carbon dioxide levels.

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11
Q

Fill in the blank: The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation relates the pH of a solution to the concentration of __________ and __________.

A

carbonic acid; bicarbonate

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12
Q

What is the significance of the anion gap in metabolic acidosis?

A

It helps to determine the cause of acidosis.

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13
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following conditions is associated with metabolic alkalosis? A) Renal failure B) Excessive vomiting C) Lactic acidosis D) Diabetic ketoacidosis

A

B) Excessive vomiting

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14
Q

What compensatory mechanism occurs in the kidneys during respiratory acidosis?

A

Increased reabsorption of bicarbonate.

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15
Q

True or False: A high partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) indicates respiratory alkalosis.

A

False

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16
Q

What role do electrolytes play in acid-base balance?

A

Electrolytes help to maintain osmotic balance and influence pH.

17
Q

Fill in the blank: The normal bicarbonate (HCO3-) concentration in arterial blood is approximately __________ mEq/L.

A

22 to 26

18
Q

What is the effect of hyperventilation on blood pH?

A

It increases blood pH, leading to respiratory alkalosis.

19
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a buffer in the bicarbonate buffer system? A) Carbonic acid B) Bicarbonate C) Phosphate D) Water

A

D) Water

20
Q

What is the primary cause of respiratory acidosis?

A

Hypoventilation

21
Q

True or False: The body can fully compensate for severe acid-base imbalances.

A

False

22
Q

What is the relationship between pH and hydrogen ion concentration?

A

They are inversely related; as pH decreases, hydrogen ion concentration increases.

23
Q

Fill in the blank: The compensation for metabolic acidosis primarily occurs through __________.

A

hyperventilation

24
Q

What happens to bicarbonate levels during metabolic acidosis?

A

They decrease.

25
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a sign of acidosis? A) Confusion B) Hyperactivity C) High energy D) Euphoria

A

A) Confusion

26
Q

What is the primary mechanism of compensation for metabolic alkalosis?

A

Hypoventilation to retain carbon dioxide.

27
Q

True or False: Acidosis can lead to increased potassium levels in the blood.

A

True

28
Q

What is the clinical significance of arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis?

A

It helps to assess the acid-base status and oxygenation of the patient.

29
Q

Fill in the blank: The respiratory system can alter acid-base balance by changing the rate of __________.

A

breathing

30
Q

What is the term for the accumulation of acids or loss of bicarbonate in the body?

A

Metabolic acidosis

Clinical Chemistry (11 decks)

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