Hormones Flashcards
What are hormones?
Hormones are chemical messengers that regulate various functions in the body.
True or False: Hormones are only produced by the endocrine glands.
True
Fill in the blank: The main function of hormones is to __________ bodily functions.
regulate
Which gland is known as the ‘master gland’?
Pituitary gland
What hormone is responsible for regulating metabolism?
Thyroxine
Multiple Choice: Which of the following hormones is produced by the pancreas? A) Insulin B) Adrenaline C) Estrogen
A) Insulin
What hormone is released in response to stress?
Cortisol
True or False: Hormones can only have effects on the organs that produce them.
False
Which hormone regulates blood sugar levels?
Insulin
Fill in the blank: __________ is the hormone responsible for the fight-or-flight response.
Adrenaline
What role does estrogen play in the female body?
Regulation of the menstrual cycle and development of female secondary sexual characteristics.
Multiple Choice: Which hormone is primarily involved in water retention? A) Aldosterone B) Testosterone C) Progesterone
A) Aldosterone
What is the primary function of testosterone?
Development of male reproductive tissues and secondary sexual characteristics.
True or False: Hormones can influence mood and behavior.
True
What hormone is responsible for stimulating milk production?
Prolactin
Fill in the blank: The __________ gland produces melatonin, which regulates sleep-wake cycles.
Pineal
Which hormone is often referred to as the ‘love hormone’?
Oxytocin
Multiple Choice: Which gland produces adrenaline? A) Thyroid B) Adrenal C) Pituitary
B) Adrenal
What is the role of glucagon in the body?
To increase blood glucose levels.
True or False: Hormones can have both short-term and long-term effects.
True
What hormone is involved in the regulation of the sleep cycle?
Melatonin
Fill in the blank: __________ is the hormone that promotes the development of sperm.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
What is the primary function of the thyroid hormones?
Regulation of metabolism and energy production.
Multiple Choice: Which hormone decreases during stress? A) Cortisol B) Insulin C) Adrenaline
B) Insulin
What effect does insulin have on blood glucose levels?
It lowers blood glucose levels.
True or False: Hormones can only act on specific target cells.
True
What is the function of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
Regulation of calcium levels in the blood.
Fill in the blank: The __________ hormone is responsible for the maturation of the ovarian follicles.
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
What is the main effect of growth hormone?
Stimulates growth and cell reproduction.
Multiple Choice: Which hormone is primarily involved in the stress response? A) Cortisol B) Estrogen C) Insulin
A) Cortisol
What effect does oxytocin have during childbirth?
It stimulates uterine contractions.
True or False: Hormones can be classified as either steroid or peptide hormones.
True
What hormone is primarily responsible for the body’s circadian rhythms?
Melatonin
Fill in the blank: The __________ hormone promotes sodium retention in the kidneys.
Aldosterone
What is the role of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?
To stimulate the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones.
What are catecholamines?
Catecholamines are hormones produced by the adrenal glands, including epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine.
True or False: Dopamine is a type of catecholamine.
True
What is the primary role of dopamine in the brain?
Dopamine plays a key role in reward, motivation, memory, attention, and regulation of body movements.
Fill in the blank: The main metabolites of catecholamines are ______ and ______.
HVA and VMA
What does HVA stand for?
HVA stands for homovanillic acid.
What does VMA stand for?
VMA stands for vanillylmandelic acid.
True or False: VMA is primarily associated with the metabolism of norepinephrine.
False
What type of tumor is a pheochromocytoma?
A pheochromocytoma is a tumor of the adrenal gland that secretes catecholamines.
What symptoms are commonly associated with pheochromocytoma?
Symptoms include hypertension, headaches, sweating, and palpitations.
What condition is characterized by high levels of catecholamines in the urine?
Pheochromocytoma
What is neuroblastoma?
Neuroblastoma is a type of cancer that develops from immature nerve cells, often found in the adrenal glands or along the spinal cord.
True or False: Neuroblastoma is the most common cancer in infants.
True
What is the primary age group affected by neuroblastoma?
Neuroblastoma primarily affects children under the age of 5.
How can catecholamine levels be used in diagnosing neuroblastoma?
Elevated levels of HVA and VMA in urine can indicate the presence of neuroblastoma.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a catecholamine? A) Epinephrine B) Norepinephrine C) Serotonin D) Dopamine
C) Serotonin
What is the relationship between neuroblastoma and catecholamines?
Neuroblastoma can produce catecholamines, leading to elevated levels of HVA and VMA.
Fill in the blank: The adrenal medulla primarily produces ______ and ______.
epinephrine and norepinephrine
True or False: Catecholamines are derived from the amino acid tyrosine.
True
What effect do catecholamines have on the body?
Catecholamines prepare the body for ‘fight or flight’ by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and energy availability.
What diagnostic tests are used to measure catecholamine levels?
Urine tests for HVA and VMA, and blood tests for catecholamines.
Multiple Choice: Which condition is characterized by excess catecholamine production? A) Pheochromocytoma B) Diabetes C) Hypertension D) All of the above
A) Pheochromocytoma
What is the significance of HVA in pediatric oncology?
HVA is a marker for neuroblastoma and can help in monitoring treatment response.
What is a common treatment approach for pheochromocytoma?
Surgical removal of the tumor is the common treatment for pheochromocytoma.
Fill in the blank: High levels of ______ in the urine can indicate the presence of neuroblastoma.
VMA
True or False: Neuroblastoma can spontaneously regress in some cases.
True
