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psych paper 2 > non-experimental - self reports > Flashcards

non-experimental - self reports Flashcards

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1
Q

what is involved in self-report

A
  • ppts provide information about thoughts/feelings/behaviour
  • involves ppts responding to questions in questionnaire/interview
  • questionnaire = open/closed questions
  • interview = structured/unstructured
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2
Q

describe what a questionnaire is

A
  • forms part of surveys
  • involves asking a large sample of people for info on specific topic
  • pre-set list of written questions
  • good representation of target population so able to generalise results
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3
Q

strength of questionnaires
tackles sensitive issues

A
  • tackle sensitive issues e.g. homosexuality CONTEXT
  • ppts can remain anonymous
  • ppts more likely to be honest as happier to disclose sensitive information
  • increasing internal validity
    UNLIKE INTERVIEWS
  • researcher present and ppts may feel uncomfortable answering questions face to face truthfully
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4
Q

strength of questionnaires
reduced investigator effects

A
  • researcher not present
  • response to ppts answers not visible
  • will not influence answers
    UNLIKE INTERVIEWS
  • researcher present
  • increases internal validity
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5
Q

strength of questionnaires
large quantity of people

A
  • can be given to large quantity of people
  • quick and easy
  • researcher not present
  • increasing generalisability of findings
    UNLIKE INTERVIEWS
  • researcher has to be present
  • to conduct interviews
  • increases external validity of questionnaires
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6
Q

weakness of questionnaires
social desirability bias

A
  • ppts may lie to present themselves in best possible light CONTEXT
  • lowers internal validity
    UNLIKE INTERVIEWS
  • researcher present
  • ppts less likely to lie face to face
  • can be minimised by making it anonymous
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7
Q

weakness of questionnaires
misinterpretation of questions

A
  • researcher not present
  • ppts may misinterpret questions
  • cannot clarify with researcher
  • could leave question/give invalid info
  • researcher may also misinterpret answers
  • lowers internal validity
    UNLIKE INTERVIEWS
  • researcher present
  • ppts can ask for clarification
  • increasing IV
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8
Q

open questions

A
  • ppts answer in own words
  • detailed responses
  • express views of behaviour/feelings
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9
Q

qualitative data

A
  • non-numerical data
  • full description of how ppts feel/think
  • provides depth and detail
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10
Q

open questions produce…

A

qualitative data

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11
Q

2 types of questions in questionnaires

A

open and closed questions

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12
Q

closed questions OFTEN produce…

A

quantitative data

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13
Q

closed questions

A
  • responses of ppts fixed
  • e.g. yes/no or rating scales
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14
Q

quantitative data

A

numerical form data

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15
Q

writing closed questions

A

how many/how often/on a scale of 1-10

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16
Q

writing open questions

A

describe/explain/provide details on

17
Q

yes/no questions are

A

closed but not quantitative

18
Q

strength of open questions/qualitative data
AO3

A
  • in depth, rich detailed data
  • greater understanding of behaviour CONTEXT
18
Q

strength of open questions/qualitative data
AO3

A
  • in depth, rich detailed data
  • greater understanding of behaviour CONTEXT
18
Q

strength of open questions/qualitative data
AO3

A
  • in depth, rich detailed data
  • greater understanding of behaviour CONTEXT
19
Q

strength of open questions/qualitative data
AO3

A
  • in depth, rich detailed data
  • greater understanding of behaviour CONTEXT
20
Q

strength of closed questions/quantitative data
AO3

A
  • easier to collect and analyse data
  • allows comparisons
  • conclusions made about behaviour CONTEXT
21
Q

weakness of open questions/qualitative data
AO3

A
  • researcher bias
  • ppts responses CONTEXT open to subjective interpretation pf researcher
22
Q

strength of closed questions/quantitative data
AO3

A
  1. lacks depth and insight into behaviour CONTEXT
    - answers may lack validity
  2. response bias where ppts reply in similar way
    - e.g. always ticking yes/always rating 10
    - lowers internal validity
23
Q

designing questionnaires

A
  1. decide on type of data qualitative/quantitative/both
  2. decide on type of questions open/closed
    - unambiguous/clear task and easy to understand
  3. open - describe/explain
    closed - how many/on a scale of 1-10
  4. include distractor questions
    - to avoid demand characteristics
  5. decide on order of questions e.g. easy questions first = ppts at ease
  6. pilot study to identify and amend problems

psych paper 2 (19 decks)

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