approaches - origins of psychology

Question 1

DREAMS

Answer 1

Determinism vs free will
Reductionism vs holism
Evidence
Applications
Methodology
Scientific methods

Question 2

Wundt - AO1

Answer 2

• father of psychology
• published first book of psych
• to help it establish as an independent branch of science
• set up first psychology lab in Germany 1879
• used controlled environments t
• used scientific methods to study structure of sensation and perception using introspection
• arguing human experiences can be analysed in components e.g. sensations, emotions and reactions (present experiences)
• work was later developed by cognitive psychologists who study mental processes

Question 3

define the term science

Answer 3

gaining knowledge through the use of objective/factual investigation

Question 4

AO3 - strength
psychology moved away from philosophical roots

Answer 4

P - can be praised
- psychology moved away from philosophical roots

E - used standardised procedure to study sensations/thoughts/feelings
- controlled environments

E - e.g. using same stimulus every time of ticking metronome
- same standardised instructions

L - increases ability to replicate research
- increasing psych status and emergence as a science

Question 5

AO3 - weakness
replicable but not reliable

Answer 5

P - although research was replicable is is not reliable

E - introspection is based on subjective experiences of individuals
- varied greatly between individuals
- more difficult to find consistent findings about principles of human behaviour

E - behavioural psychologists e.g. watson
- suggets human behaviour should me observed and measured scientifically
- so behaviourist approach developed using objective and empirical techniques e.g. lab experiments

L - increasing scientific status of psychology

Question 6

define introspection

Answer 6

investigating internal events by examining internal thoughts and feelings

Question 7

introspection - AO1

Answer 7

• focuses on present experiences
• conscious experience is systematically analysed
• individual focuses on object and listens to experience
• e.g. stimulus = metronome and look inwards noticing sensations/feelings/images
• analysis broken up into components of thoughts/sensations/images