non-experimental - reliability and validity of observations Flashcards
1
Q
controlled observation
A
- high reliability
- controlled environment
- high control over extraneous variables
2
Q
naturalistic observation
A
- low reliability
- natural environment
- low control over extraneous variables
3
Q
one way for assessing reliability
A
inter-observer reliability
4
Q
inter-observer reliability AO1
A
- assessed using inter-observer reliability
- two observers create and trained on how to use behaviour categories CONTEXT
- two observers independently carry out the observation by watching SAME behaviour - CONTEXT for SAME amount of time CONTEXT but independently record observations
- compare and correlate results using appropriate stats test
- high reliability = +0.8 strong positive correlation
5
Q
one way for improving reliability
A
operationalisation
6
Q
improving reliability AO1
A
- operationalise
- make specific and clear when defining behaviour categories
- easier to measure
- if not operationalised, difficult to carry out inter-observer test
- operationalisation = conduct observation in the same way
- to check for consistent results
7
Q
other ways reliability can be improved
A
- 2 observers to check consistency of results
- train observers on how to use behaviour categories
- film observation so observers can practice categorising behaviours accurately and consistently
8
Q
2 ways of assessing validity of observations
A
- face validity
- concurrent validity
9
Q
face validity - AO1
A
- independent psychologist in same field looks at behaviour category (e.g.CONTEXT) to see if is measuring what it is meant to measure CONTEXT
- at first sight/face value
- if they say yes observation CONTEXT is valid
10
Q
concurrent validity - AO1
A
- comparing results of new observation CONTEXT
- to pre-existing observation that has already been established for its validity
- correlate 2 sets of results using appropriate stats test
- exceeds +0.8 = valid observation
