Non-enteric Gram Negative Bacteria Part III

Question 1

4 Most important species in Brucella genus

Answer 1

B. Abortus, B. Melitensis, B. Ovis, B. Suis

Question 2

Main reasons brucella species are considered potential bioterrorism agents?

Answer 2

• can spread via aerosol
• human vx not available

Question 3

Major clinical sign of brucellosis

Answer 3

Abortion

Question 4

What other two category a disease conditions are cats susceptible to?

Answer 4

Y. pestis and F. tularemia

Question 5

Major clinical sign of brucellosis in humans

Answer 5

Fluctuation in body temp

Question 6

Major clinical signs of brucellosis in horses

Answer 6

Localized bursa and joint infection

Question 7

What are the 3 names of brucellosis infections in horses

Answer 7

Poll evil, fistulous withers, and hygroma

Question 8

Major routes of brucella infection in horses

Answer 8

Afterbirth, aborted fetus, vaginal discharge, and placental fluids

Question 9

Why does brucella cause abortion during/after the 3rd trimester (5th gestational month)

Answer 9

RELISTEN, but erythriol?

Question 10

Names of vx used to eradicate B. Abortus

Answer 10

Strain 19 and RB-51

Question 11

Vx used to eradicate B. Melitensis

Answer 11

REV1 (live attenuated)

Question 12

When are the milk ring test and rose bengal plate test performed

Answer 12

To diagnose B. Abortus infections

Question 13

How to interpret milk ring test results

Answer 13

If there is a purple ring @ surface, its + for bacteria

If the purple antibodies are dispersed in the milk and color the entire tube purple, its - for bacteria

Question 14

How to interpret the rose bengal plate test

Answer 14

Its negative if the rose color is evenly dispersed

Its positive if the rose color is stippled and a dark ring is around the circumference

Question 15

Best specimens for brucella isolation

Answer 15

Aborted fetal tissue, placenta, lymph nodes

Question 16

Causative agent of kennel cough

Answer 16

B. bronchiseptica

Question 17

What are the predisp. factors for kennel cough?

Answer 17

• previous distemper infection
• close contact w/ ill (ie boarding facilities)

Question 18

T or F: brucella and francisella remain viable in the environment for long periods of time

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Which bacteria doesn’t grow well on MacConkey agar?

Answer 19

B. mallei

Question 20

Which non enteric gram -ve bacteria can survive months in the environment?

Answer 20

F. tularemia

Question 21

Which gram -ve non enteric bacteria are select agents in the US and why?

Answer 21

F. tularemia b/c it has : high infectivity, is disseminat5ed by aerosol, and can be weaponized for war

Question 22

Reservoirs of F. tularemia

Answer 22

Lagomorphs and rodents

Question 23

Clinical relevance of pseudomonas in vet med

Answer 23

• found in contaminated guinea pig water bottles
• otitis externa in dogs
• corneal ulcers & metritis in horses
• mastitis and abortion in cattle
• fleece rot in sheep
• necrotic stomatitis in captive snakes
• in general: UTIs, wound infections, granulomas and abcesses

Question 24

Exotoxins vs. endotoxins

Answer 24

• exotoxins: inhibit protein synth, elastase, protease, and phospholipase
• endotoxins: lipid a triggers release of pro-inflammatory cytokines

Question 25

Lab tests used to differentiate P. aeruginosa from Enterobacteriaceae

Answer 25

Oxidase tests

Question 26

Known toxic pigments of P. aeruginosa and their effects on mammalian tissue

Answer 26

• pyocyanin: cell death and extracellular DNA release stimulant
• pyoverdine: siderophore for scavenging iron and signaling molecule for virulence factor expression
• pyorubin:
• pyomelanin: antibacterial and antifungal agent

Question 27

What is the function of siderophores

Answer 27

Chelate iron and take it from hosts

Question 28

Siderophores prod. by P. pseudomonas and their pathogenic effects

Answer 28

• pyochelin: chelates extracellular iron and takes it
• pyoverdin:acquires Fe2+