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Infection & Immunity 2 > Mycoses Of Veterinary Importance > Flashcards

Mycoses Of Veterinary Importance Flashcards

1
Q

Thermally monomorphic mold is

A

Aspergillus

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2
Q

What do aspergillus colonies look like

A
  • white at first
  • then yellow, green, brown, or black
  • velvety or cottony
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3
Q

Microscopic characteristics of aspergillus

A
  • Septate hyphae and unbranched conidiophore that form a foot cell
  • vesicles
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4
Q

What are often seen in culture preps of aspergillus

A

Chains of round conidia

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5
Q

Where does aspergillus affect K9s and horse?

A
  • K9: nose
  • horse: guttural pouch
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6
Q

Main type of aspergillus

A

A. fumigatus

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7
Q

Aspergillus infections

A
  • by inhalation
  • first airway infected (local inflamm. Resp)
  • then potentially lethal invasive infection in immunocomp.
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8
Q

Yeast that is normal inhabitant of upper GIT and moist skin folds

A

Candida

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9
Q

Is candida local or systemic?

A

Both

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10
Q

A major nosocomial yeast is called

A

Candida

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11
Q

T or F: Candida can grow in the body as yeasts w/ pseudohyphae

A

True

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12
Q

Most common candida spp

A

C. albicans

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13
Q

Emerging spp of candida

A

C. auris

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14
Q

Candida auris

A
  • drug resistant (multi)
  • rapidly spreading, especially in healthcare facilities
  • hard to ID
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15
Q

Pythium insidiosum causes what disease

A

Pythiosis

(Aka: swamp cancer, florida horse leeches, canckers, etc.)

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16
Q

2 forms of pythium insidiosum

A
  • GIT
  • Cutaneous
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17
Q

Areas where pythium insidiosum is common

A

Gulf coast & SE USA

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18
Q

Where do the spores of pythium insidiosum infect?

A
  • lower extremities of exposed skin
  • ingested w/ contaminated h2o
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19
Q

What is pythium insidiosum

A

Granulomatous ulcerative disease of skin and GIT

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20
Q

What zygomycetes cause zygomycosis

A
  • mortierella
  • absidia

Mucor

  • rhizopus
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21
Q

T or F: Pythium insidiosum is motile

A

True

22
Q

Characteristics of zygomycetes

A
  • aseptate hyphae
  • grow fast
23
Q

What specific diseases can zycomycetes cause?

A
  • gastritis in bovines
  • mycotic abortion & placentitis in ruminants
  • guttural pouch & cervico-uterine infections in horses
24
Q

Why is the spread of zygomcyosis fatal

A
  • angio-invasion
  • thrombosis
25
Q

Antifungal drugs

A
  • polyene
  • imidazole
  • 5-fluorocytocine
  • griseofulvin
  • terbinafine
  • caspofungin
26
Q

Polyene drugs

A
  • target ergosterol
  • ex: aphotericin b & nystatin
27
Q

Imidazole drugs

A
  • ergesterol synthesis is target
  • ex: “-azole” group; ketoconazole, fluconazole, etc)
28
Q

5-fluorocytocine

A

DNA synthesis inhibitor

29
Q

Griseofulvin

A
  • binds tubulin
  • interferes with/ fungal mitosis
  • conc. In epith.
  • teratogenic
30
Q

Terbinafine

A

Ergosterol synth inhibitor

31
Q

Caspofungin

A

Glucan synthase inhibitor

32
Q

Yeast don’t have

A

Hyphae

33
Q

Mold has

A

Spores

34
Q

Characteristics of fungi

A
  • eukaryotic
  • cell wall has glucan and chitin
  • cell membrane has ergosterol (other “-sterols”)
35
Q

Difference between mycoses & mycotoxins

A
  • mycoses: grows inside host
  • mycotoxins: grows outside the host
36
Q

Importance of mycoses

A
  • diagnosed late or misdiagnosed b/c signs are non-specific or insuff. culture sensitivity
  • immunosupp. Patients get disseminated mycoses
  • long term abx can eliminate/reduce bacterial load
  • tx challenging
37
Q

What mediums can fungi grow on as a mold or yeast

A

SDA

38
Q

Fungi that affect skin/SQ

A
  • Microsporum spp.
  • Trichophyton spp.
  • malassezia pachydermatis
  • sporothrix schenkii
39
Q

Fungi that infect systemically

A
  • histoplasma capsulatum
  • blastomyces dermatidis
  • coccidioides immitis
  • cryptococcus neoformans
40
Q

Opportunistic fungi

A
  • aspergillus fumigatus
  • candida albicans & auris
41
Q

Dermatomycoses is also known as

A

Ring worm

42
Q

What are the trichophyton that cause ring worm in large animals?

A
  • T. Verrucosum (cattle)
  • T. Rubrum (humans)
  • T. Mentagrophytes (horses)
43
Q

Microsporum canis

A
  • zoophilic dermatophyte
  • affects small animals
44
Q

Non-dermatophytes spp.

A

Malassezia pachydematis & M. Nana

45
Q

Dermatophytes is grown on

A

DTM

46
Q

How to dx dermatophytes

A
  • wood’s lamp (only for M. Canis)
  • hair/skin specimen microscopy
  • culture and ID
  • KOH mount
47
Q

KOH mount

A
  • not really used, only by experts
  • look for ectothrix formation
  • look for arthrospores surrounding/on hair
48
Q

Malassezia & otitis/dermatitis

A
  • normal flora of man and animals
  • M. Pachydermatis & M. Nana found in animals
  • commensalistic in normal subjects
  • disease caused by host related factors
  • elephant skin
49
Q

Sporotrichoisis

A
  • agent: S. schenkii (dimorphic)
  • found in N & S America
  • SQ invasive mycosis
  • aka: rose-gardener’s disease
50
Q

Sporothrix schenkii microscopic characteristics

A
  • colonies are small and white w/o cottony aerial hyphae
  • later colonies become moist, velvety, and darkly
  • septate, thin, branching, hyphae @ right angles
  • conidia are pear shaped in clusters
  • cigar bodies

Infection & Immunity 2 (24 decks)

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