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Infection & Immunity 2 > Campylobacter > Flashcards

Campylobacter Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics

A
  • gram -ve
  • oxidase +ve
  • corkscrew motility
  • spiral shaped rods
  • microaerophilic
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2
Q

2 types that cause enteritis

A
  • C. jejuni
  • C. Coli
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3
Q

3 types that cause infertility and abortion

A
  • C. Jejuni
  • C. Fetus ssp venerealis
  • C. Fetus ssp fetus
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4
Q

Who 1st recognized campylobacter, what yr, and how did he describe it?

A
  • theodore escherich
  • 1886
  • called it cholera infantum when found in intestines of kids
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5
Q

Yr found in human feces

A

1968

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6
Q

Yr recognized as human pathogen

A

1970

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7
Q

C. Jejuni and C. Coli are the most common causes of….

A

Human and animal gastroenteritis

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8
Q

Which 2 types are usually found in GIT of birds, and domestic/wild animals

A

C. Jejuni & C. Coli

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9
Q

Most common type in K9 poop

A

C. Upsaliensis

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10
Q

2 strains isolated from pigs

A

C. Hyointestinalis and C. Mucosalis

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11
Q

GIT and gallbladder of ruminants are a reservoir for what type?

A

C. Fetus

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12
Q

Species C. Jejuni and C. Coli affect

A

Ruminants, poultry, K9, cats, mink, ferrets, pigs, non-human primates

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13
Q

C. Fetus ssp fetus is found in

A

Ruminants

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14
Q

C. Fetus ssp venerealis found in

A

Cattle

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15
Q

General incubation pd

A
  • short
  • enteritis within 3 days in puppies, chicks, and poults
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16
Q

Clinical signs of C. Jejuni and C. Coli

A

Gastroenteritis in all animals

17
Q

Clin signs of C. Fetus ssp fetus (general)

A
  • abortions
  • stillbirth
  • infertility
18
Q

Clin signs of C. Fetus ssp fetus in goats and sheep

A
  • late term abort.
  • weak lambs
  • metritis
  • death
19
Q

Clin signs of C. Fetus ssp venerealis (5)

A
  • infertility
  • early embryonic death
  • prolonged calving szn
  • occasional abortion
  • mucopurulent endometritis
20
Q

Which 2 types cause donut-like lesions on the liver

A

C. Jejuni & C. Fetus sssp fetus

21
Q

C. Fetus in humans

A
  • opportunistic
  • causes syst. Infect
  • immunocomp. @ risk
22
Q

Communicability of Campylobacter species

A
  • zoonotic
  • spread by direct contact, fomites, arthropods (mechanical), AI, contaminated food and water
23
Q

Communicability (what is it spread by & is it zoonotic)

A
  • zoonotic
  • spread by: direct contact, fomites, arthropods (mechanical), AI, contaminated H2O and food
24
Q

Microscopic diagnosis

A
  • visualization: curved, spiral rods via phase-contrast or dark-field microscopy
  • campylobacter enteritis
25
Q

Definitive diagnosis (4)

A
  • isolate via selective media & reduced O2 tension
  • preserve fetal & placental tissues at 4 deg C
  • microaerophilic conditions
  • ELISA (research), molecular detection, PCR, serology
26
Q

Distinguish C. jejuni from C. Fetus

A
  • C. Fetus grows well @ 37 deg C and susceptible to cephalothin
27
Q

Agar used to diagnose campyloabcter spp

A

Remel campy blood agar

28
Q

Diagnosing Bovine genital campylobacteriosis (C. Fetus spp venerealis)

A
  • IgA in cervical mucus
  • vaginal mucus agglutination test
  • ELISA
  • culture bacteria from discharge and sheath washings
29
Q

Postmortem lesions (5)

A
  • congested & edematous colon
  • hemorrhagic colitis
  • edematous LN
  • mild placentitis
  • autolyzed fetus
30
Q

Human treatment

A
  • usually self-resolving
  • drink fluids to prev. Dehyd.
  • antibiotics for sever or high risk patients
  • macrolide antibiotics (erythromycin) can shorten
31
Q

Guillain-barre syndrome

A
  • rare complication of campylobacter jejuni in humans
  • immune syst damages nerves causing muscle weakness & sometimes paralysis
  • starts several wks after person gets sick
  • intensive care req.
32
Q

Good alternative antibiotic

A
  • tylosin
33
Q

Which 2 antibiotics can increase drug resistance

A

Enrofloxacin and metronidazole

34
Q

Vx for bovine genital campylobacteriosis

A
  • accelerates bacterial elimination
  • given once @ 4 wks before breeding starts
  • revaccinate halfway through breeding season
35
Q

Tx bovine genital campylobacteriosis

A
  • animals given 2x dose for cows, 3 wks apart
  • 1 -2 treatments w/ streptomycin at 20 mg/kg SQ, 5g streptomycin in oil-based solution applied to penis for 3 consecutive days
36
Q

Human prevention

A
  • avoid raw dairy prod. & undercooked meat
  • separate raw foods
  • good hygiene
  • avoid sick animals
  • no vx
37
Q

Prev in animals

A
  • vx for ovine abortion and bovine genital campy.
  • poultry: sanitation, exclude pests, all-in/out, closed flock
38
Q

Disinfection

A
  • 1% sodium hypochlorate
  • 70% ethanol
  • 2% glutaraldehyde
  • iodine based disinf.
  • phenolic disinf.
  • formaldehyde
  • moist/ dry heat
  • gamma irrradiation
  • UV radiation

Infection & Immunity 2 (24 decks)

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