Campylobacter Flashcards
Characteristics
- gram -ve
- oxidase +ve
- corkscrew motility
- spiral shaped rods
- microaerophilic
2 types that cause enteritis
- C. jejuni
- C. Coli
3 types that cause infertility and abortion
- C. Jejuni
- C. Fetus ssp venerealis
- C. Fetus ssp fetus
Who 1st recognized campylobacter, what yr, and how did he describe it?
- theodore escherich
- 1886
- called it cholera infantum when found in intestines of kids
Yr found in human feces
1968
Yr recognized as human pathogen
1970
C. Jejuni and C. Coli are the most common causes of….
Human and animal gastroenteritis
Which 2 types are usually found in GIT of birds, and domestic/wild animals
C. Jejuni & C. Coli
Most common type in K9 poop
C. Upsaliensis
2 strains isolated from pigs
C. Hyointestinalis and C. Mucosalis
GIT and gallbladder of ruminants are a reservoir for what type?
C. Fetus
Species C. Jejuni and C. Coli affect
Ruminants, poultry, K9, cats, mink, ferrets, pigs, non-human primates
C. Fetus ssp fetus is found in
Ruminants
C. Fetus ssp venerealis found in
Cattle
General incubation pd
- short
- enteritis within 3 days in puppies, chicks, and poults
Clinical signs of C. Jejuni and C. Coli
Gastroenteritis in all animals
Clin signs of C. Fetus ssp fetus (general)
- abortions
- stillbirth
- infertility
Clin signs of C. Fetus ssp fetus in goats and sheep
- late term abort.
- weak lambs
- metritis
- death
Clin signs of C. Fetus ssp venerealis (5)
- infertility
- early embryonic death
- prolonged calving szn
- occasional abortion
- mucopurulent endometritis
Which 2 types cause donut-like lesions on the liver
C. Jejuni & C. Fetus sssp fetus
C. Fetus in humans
- opportunistic
- causes syst. Infect
- immunocomp. @ risk
Communicability of Campylobacter species
- zoonotic
- spread by direct contact, fomites, arthropods (mechanical), AI, contaminated food and water
Communicability (what is it spread by & is it zoonotic)
- zoonotic
- spread by: direct contact, fomites, arthropods (mechanical), AI, contaminated H2O and food
Microscopic diagnosis
- visualization: curved, spiral rods via phase-contrast or dark-field microscopy
- campylobacter enteritis
Definitive diagnosis (4)
- isolate via selective media & reduced O2 tension
- preserve fetal & placental tissues at 4 deg C
- microaerophilic conditions
- ELISA (research), molecular detection, PCR, serology
Distinguish C. jejuni from C. Fetus
- C. Fetus grows well @ 37 deg C and susceptible to cephalothin
Agar used to diagnose campyloabcter spp
Remel campy blood agar
Diagnosing Bovine genital campylobacteriosis (C. Fetus spp venerealis)
- IgA in cervical mucus
- vaginal mucus agglutination test
- ELISA
- culture bacteria from discharge and sheath washings
Postmortem lesions (5)
- congested & edematous colon
- hemorrhagic colitis
- edematous LN
- mild placentitis
- autolyzed fetus
Human treatment
- usually self-resolving
- drink fluids to prev. Dehyd.
- antibiotics for sever or high risk patients
- macrolide antibiotics (erythromycin) can shorten
Guillain-barre syndrome
- rare complication of campylobacter jejuni in humans
- immune syst damages nerves causing muscle weakness & sometimes paralysis
- starts several wks after person gets sick
- intensive care req.
Good alternative antibiotic
- tylosin
Which 2 antibiotics can increase drug resistance
Enrofloxacin and metronidazole
Vx for bovine genital campylobacteriosis
- accelerates bacterial elimination
- given once @ 4 wks before breeding starts
- revaccinate halfway through breeding season
Tx bovine genital campylobacteriosis
- animals given 2x dose for cows, 3 wks apart
- 1 -2 treatments w/ streptomycin at 20 mg/kg SQ, 5g streptomycin in oil-based solution applied to penis for 3 consecutive days
Human prevention
- avoid raw dairy prod. & undercooked meat
- separate raw foods
- good hygiene
- avoid sick animals
- no vx
Prev in animals
- vx for ovine abortion and bovine genital campy.
- poultry: sanitation, exclude pests, all-in/out, closed flock
Disinfection
- 1% sodium hypochlorate
- 70% ethanol
- 2% glutaraldehyde
- iodine based disinf.
- phenolic disinf.
- formaldehyde
- moist/ dry heat
- gamma irrradiation
- UV radiation
