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non-cancer SI Flashcards

Describe the common structural anomalies of the bowel (Stenosis \ atresia, duplication, Meckel, Omphalocele, Malrotation and Hirschsprung disease) Compare and contrast the causes of diarrhea (secretory, osmotic, exudative, dysentery, and malabsorption) Describe the pathogenesis and pathologic findings (including lab tests) of pseudomembranous colitis Describe the clinicopathologic findings in gluten sensistive enteropathy as well as possible outcomes for refractory disease Compare and contra

1
Q

major causes of intestinal obstruction

A

hernia, adhesion, volvulus (twisting) and intusseption

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2
Q

congenital defect in colonic innervation

A

hirschsprung disease

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3
Q

neonates with failure to pass meconium followed by pbsreuctive constipation

A

hirschsprung disease

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4
Q

pathenogenisis of hirschsprung disease

A

failure of neural crest cells to migrate from cecum to rectum

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5
Q

genetic mutation in hirschsprung disease

A

loss of function mutation in TK RET

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6
Q

common sites of herniation

A

weakness or defect in abdominal wall, inginial and femoral canal,unbilicus or sites of surgical scarring

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7
Q

infarction limited to muscularis mucosa

A

mucosal infarction

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8
Q

infarction of mucosa and submucosa

A

mural infarction

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9
Q

infarction of all three layers of bawel wall

A

transmural infarction

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10
Q

transmural infarction caused by

A

acute vascular obstruction

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11
Q

can cause acute bowel vascular pbstruction

A

atherosclerosis
aneurysm
hypercoagulable states
emobolization of cardiac vegitation

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12
Q

can cause intestinal hypoperfusion

A

cardiac failure
dehydration
vasoconstrictive drugs

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13
Q

parts of bowel most sucseptible to ischemia

A

segments at the end of their respective arterial supplies (watershed zones)

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14
Q

morphologic signature of ischemic bowel disease

A

eurface epithelial atryphy with normal or hyperproliferative crypts

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15
Q

type of ischemic bowel disease that is segmental and patchy

A

mucosal and mural

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16
Q

blood tinged mucous or blood in intestinal luman

A

transmural infarction

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17
Q

sudden severe abdominal pain snd tenderness with n/v, bloddy diarreha and grossly melontic stool.

A

ischemic bowel disease

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18
Q

rigid abdomominal wall and diminished bowel sounds

A

ischemic bowel disease

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19
Q

ischemic bowel disease tends to be associated with

A

cardiac or vascular disease in older people

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20
Q

malformed submucosal and mucosal blood vessels

A

angiodysplasia

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21
Q

most often location of angiodysplasia

A

cecum or right colon

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22
Q

pain and rectal bleeding

A

hemorroids

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23
Q

bad cause of hemorroids

A

portal hypertension

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24
Q

isontonic stool, perisiting during fasting

A

secretory diarrhea

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25
Q

concentrated osmolar stool that abates with fasting

A

osmotic diarrhea

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26
Q

typeof diahhrea in lactose intolerance

A

osmotic diarrhea

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27
Q

steatorrhea and releved by fasting. flatus, abdominal pain and weight loss

A

malabsropative diarrhea

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28
Q

bloody stools continuing through fasting

A

exudative diarrhea

29
Q

problems with malabsorptive diarreha

A

vitamin deficiency

30
Q

immune related eneropathy from ingestion of gluten

A

celiac disease

31
Q

genes present in celiac disease

32
Q

histological findings in celiac disease

A

intraepithelial lymphocytosis, crypt hyperplasia, villious atrophy

33
Q

diarreha, bloating and fatige with anemia

A

celiac disease

34
Q

celiac disease pts have a higher risk of

A

lymphoma and intestinal adenocarcinonoma

35
Q

cause of pseudomembranois colitis

A

overgrowhth of c diff due to disruption of normal bowel flora, usually due to broad spectrum antibiotics

36
Q

membrane looking layer in the colon of inflamatory cells and debris

A

pseudomembranois colitis

37
Q

fever, leukocytosis, abdominal pain, water diarrhea and dehydration in a older, hospitalized person

A

pseudomembranois colitis

38
Q

volcano-like eruptions of neutrophils from colonic crypt

A

pseudomembranois colitis

39
Q

outpouching of colonic mucosa and submucosa

A

diverticulitis

40
Q

causes colonic diverticulitus

A

elevated intraluminal pressure in sigmoid colon

41
Q

dietary causes of diverticulitis

A

low-fiber diet

42
Q

most common place of diverticulitis

A

sigmoid colon

43
Q

intermittant cramping, continuus lower abdominal discomfort, constipation and diarrhea in older peope

A

diverticulitis

44
Q

skip lesion inflammatory bowel disease

45
Q

continus inflammatory bowel disease

A

ulcerative colitis

46
Q

transmural inflamation, ulceration and fissures

47
Q

psudopolyp and ulcers

A

ulcerative colotis

48
Q

area involved in ulcerative colitis

A

colon and rectum

49
Q

area involved in crohns

A

any part of GI tract

50
Q

lymphoid reaction and fibrosis IBD

51
Q

granulomas and fistulas in IBD

52
Q

IDB demographics

A

young, white, females (highest in A jews)

53
Q

genetic marker in IBD susceptiple families

54
Q

cobblestone lesions

55
Q

creeping fat

56
Q

paneth cell metaplasia

57
Q

cutaneous granulomas in IBD

58
Q

intermittent attack of mild diarrhea, fever and abdominal pain with possible RLQ pain and fever

59
Q

extraintestinal manifestations IBD

60
Q

broad based ulcers IBD

61
Q

pseudopolyps and mucosal atrophy

62
Q

can lead to toxic megacolon (IBD)

63
Q

relapsing attacks of bloody diarreha with expulsion of stringy, mucoid material. Lower abdominal pain and cramps releived by defecation

64
Q

long term risk of IBD

A

perforation and cancer

65
Q

small peduculated polyps

66
Q

larger polyps covered by villi

A

villious polyps

67
Q

mix of villous and tubular polyps

A

tubulovillois polyps

68
Q

polyp most likely to turn malignant

69
Q

main way to gauge polyp to cancer risk

A

larger = higher risk

GI (22 decks)

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