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non-cancer SI Flashcards

Describe the common structural anomalies of the bowel (Stenosis \ atresia, duplication, Meckel, Omphalocele, Malrotation and Hirschsprung disease) Compare and contrast the causes of diarrhea (secretory, osmotic, exudative, dysentery, and malabsorption) Describe the pathogenesis and pathologic findings (including lab tests) of pseudomembranous colitis Describe the clinicopathologic findings in gluten sensistive enteropathy as well as possible outcomes for refractory disease Compare and contra

1
Q

major causes of intestinal obstruction

A

hernia, adhesion, volvulus (twisting) and intusseption

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2
Q

congenital defect in colonic innervation

A

hirschsprung disease

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3
Q

neonates with failure to pass meconium followed by pbsreuctive constipation

A

hirschsprung disease

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4
Q

pathenogenisis of hirschsprung disease

A

failure of neural crest cells to migrate from cecum to rectum

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5
Q

genetic mutation in hirschsprung disease

A

loss of function mutation in TK RET

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6
Q

common sites of herniation

A

weakness or defect in abdominal wall, inginial and femoral canal,unbilicus or sites of surgical scarring

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7
Q

infarction limited to muscularis mucosa

A

mucosal infarction

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8
Q

infarction of mucosa and submucosa

A

mural infarction

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9
Q

infarction of all three layers of bawel wall

A

transmural infarction

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10
Q

transmural infarction caused by

A

acute vascular obstruction

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11
Q

can cause acute bowel vascular pbstruction

A

atherosclerosis
aneurysm
hypercoagulable states
emobolization of cardiac vegitation

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12
Q

can cause intestinal hypoperfusion

A

cardiac failure
dehydration
vasoconstrictive drugs

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13
Q

parts of bowel most sucseptible to ischemia

A

segments at the end of their respective arterial supplies (watershed zones)

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14
Q

morphologic signature of ischemic bowel disease

A

eurface epithelial atryphy with normal or hyperproliferative crypts

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15
Q

type of ischemic bowel disease that is segmental and patchy

A

mucosal and mural

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16
Q

blood tinged mucous or blood in intestinal luman

A

transmural infarction

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17
Q

sudden severe abdominal pain snd tenderness with n/v, bloddy diarreha and grossly melontic stool.

A

ischemic bowel disease

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18
Q

rigid abdomominal wall and diminished bowel sounds

A

ischemic bowel disease

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19
Q

ischemic bowel disease tends to be associated with

A

cardiac or vascular disease in older people

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20
Q

malformed submucosal and mucosal blood vessels

A

angiodysplasia

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21
Q

most often location of angiodysplasia

A

cecum or right colon

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22
Q

pain and rectal bleeding

A

hemorroids

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23
Q

bad cause of hemorroids

A

portal hypertension

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24
Q

isontonic stool, perisiting during fasting

A

secretory diarrhea

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25
concentrated osmolar stool that abates with fasting
osmotic diarrhea
26
typeof diahhrea in lactose intolerance
osmotic diarrhea
27
steatorrhea and releved by fasting. flatus, abdominal pain and weight loss
malabsropative diarrhea
28
bloody stools continuing through fasting
exudative diarrhea
29
problems with malabsorptive diarreha
vitamin deficiency
30
immune related eneropathy from ingestion of gluten
celiac disease
31
genes present in celiac disease
HLA-DQ2/8
32
histological findings in celiac disease
intraepithelial lymphocytosis, crypt hyperplasia, villious atrophy
33
diarreha, bloating and fatige with anemia
celiac disease
34
celiac disease pts have a higher risk of
lymphoma and intestinal adenocarcinonoma
35
cause of pseudomembranois colitis
overgrowhth of c diff due to disruption of normal bowel flora, usually due to broad spectrum antibiotics
36
membrane looking layer in the colon of inflamatory cells and debris
pseudomembranois colitis
37
fever, leukocytosis, abdominal pain, water diarrhea and dehydration in a older, hospitalized person
pseudomembranois colitis
38
volcano-like eruptions of neutrophils from colonic crypt
pseudomembranois colitis
39
outpouching of colonic mucosa and submucosa
diverticulitis
40
causes colonic diverticulitus
elevated intraluminal pressure in sigmoid colon
41
dietary causes of diverticulitis
low-fiber diet
42
most common place of diverticulitis
sigmoid colon
43
intermittant cramping, continuus lower abdominal discomfort, constipation and diarrhea in older peope
diverticulitis
44
skip lesion inflammatory bowel disease
crohn
45
continus inflammatory bowel disease
ulcerative colitis
46
transmural inflamation, ulceration and fissures
crohns
47
psudopolyp and ulcers
ulcerative colotis
48
area involved in ulcerative colitis
colon and rectum
49
area involved in crohns
any part of GI tract
50
lymphoid reaction and fibrosis IBD
crohn
51
granulomas and fistulas in IBD
crohn
52
IDB demographics
young, white, females (highest in A jews)
53
genetic marker in IBD susceptiple families
NOD2
54
cobblestone lesions
crohn
55
creeping fat
crohn
56
paneth cell metaplasia
crohn
57
cutaneous granulomas in IBD
crohn
58
intermittent attack of mild diarrhea, fever and abdominal pain with possible RLQ pain and fever
crohn
59
extraintestinal manifestations IBD
crohn
60
broad based ulcers IBD
UC
61
pseudopolyps and mucosal atrophy
UC
62
can lead to toxic megacolon (IBD)
UC
63
relapsing attacks of bloody diarreha with expulsion of stringy, mucoid material. Lower abdominal pain and cramps releived by defecation
UC
64
long term risk of IBD
perforation and cancer
65
small peduculated polyps
tubular
66
larger polyps covered by villi
villious polyps
67
mix of villous and tubular polyps
tubulovillois polyps
68
polyp most likely to turn malignant
serrated
69
main way to gauge polyp to cancer risk
larger = higher risk

GI (22 decks)

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