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GI > Gall Bladder and Pancreas > Flashcards

Gall Bladder and Pancreas Flashcards

Describe the clinicopathologic findings in the common non-neoplastic gallbladder disorders Describe the clinicopathologic findings in the common non-neoplastic extrahepatic bile duct disorders Describe the pathologic features of common gallbladder tumors Describe the pathologic features of common extrahepatic bile duct tumors Describe the clinicopathologic findings in and causes of acute and chronic pancreatitis Describe the pathologic features common pancreas tumors (pseudocyst, adenocarci

1
Q

most common type of gall-stones

A

cholesterol

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2
Q

make up of pigmented stones

A

bilirubin calcium salts

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3
Q

pathernogenesis of cholesterol genes

A

cholesterol supersaturates bile –> crystalizes out of solution + hypomobility of the gallbladder and mucus hypersecretion

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4
Q

major factor causing pigmented stones in US

A

sickle cell

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5
Q

ethnic group most predisopsed to cholesterol stones

A

native americans

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6
Q

5 fs of gallbladder risk

A

fat, fair, forty, fertile, female

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7
Q

stones that are mostly radiopaque

A

pigment

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8
Q

stones that arise excusivily in the gallbaldder

A

cholesterol

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9
Q

presentation of gallstones

A

RUQ pain that can be constant or sporadic

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10
Q

complications of gallstones

A

empyema, perforation, fistulas, pancreatitis, intestinal obstruction

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11
Q

gallbladder is enlarged and tense, bright red or blotchy, and covered by fibrinous exudate

A

acute cholecystits

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12
Q

present in most acute cholecystitis

A

gallstone obstructing neck of gallbladder or cystic duct

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13
Q

gallbladder lumen filled with mostly pus called

A

empyema of the gallbladder

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14
Q

green-black gallbladder

A

gangernous cholecystitis

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15
Q

acute inflammation of a gallbladder that contains stones is

A

acute calculous cholesystiitis

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16
Q

can cause non-stone cholecystitis

A

major surgery, trauma, severe burns, sepsis

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17
Q

upper abdominal pain that radiates to right shoulder with abdominal rigidity

A

acute calculous cholecystitis

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18
Q

nausea, vominiting and intolerance for fatty foods

A

chronic cholecystits

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19
Q

complications of cholecystitis

A

bacterial superinfection with cholangitis
perforation and abcess/peritonitis
billiary enteric fistula
aggravation of preexisting illness

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20
Q

precense of stones within the billiary tree

A

choledocholithiasis

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21
Q

acute inflammation of the bile ducts

A

cholangitis

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22
Q

causes of cholangitis

A

choledocholithiasis
surgery involving biliary tree
tumors, stents acute pancreatis

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23
Q

fever chills, abdominal pain and jaundice

A

bacterial cholangitis

24
Q

risk of supperative cholangitis

A

liver abcess formation

25
Q

prolonged obstruction of the extrahepatic biliary tree can cause

A

profound damage to the liver

26
Q

neonatal cholestatis

A

biliary atresia

27
Q

treatment of biliary atresia

A

transplant

28
Q

most common type of cancer in gallbladder

A

adenocarcinoma

29
Q

adenocarcinomas that arise from cholagiocytes lining intraheptic and extrahepatic biliary ducts

A

cholangiocarcinoma

30
Q

lots if intracelylar mucin, but no bile pogment of hyaline inclusion

A

cholangiocarcinoma

31
Q

major cause of acute pancreatitis

A

alchohol abuse or biliary disease

32
Q

basic alterations in acute pancreatitis

A 
microvasculatr leakage causing edema
necrosis of fat by lipases
acute inflammatory reaction
proteolytic destriction of pancreatic parencyma
insistial hemmorage
33
Q

histological findings in acute pancreattis

A

fat necrosis and calcium salts

34
Q

severe form of acute pancreatitis

A

necrotising

35
Q

critical triggering event in acute pancreatis

A

activation of trypsin

36
Q

three patheogenesis paths of acute pancreatitis

A

1) duct obstruction
2) primary acinar cell injury
3) defective intracellular transport of proenzymes within acinar cells

37
Q

location of pain in acute pancreatitis

A

epigastric pain radiating to upper back

38
Q

dx of acute pancretitis

A

elevated amylase and lipase in plasma

39
Q

non-pain signs of acute pancreatitis

A

abdominal guarding, absence of bowel souds

40
Q

sequalae of acute pancreatitis

A

abcesses or pseudocysts

41
Q

most common cause of chronic pancreatitis

A

long-term EtOH abuse

42
Q

morphology of chronic pancreatitis

A

parenchymal fibrosis
reduced number and size of acini
variable dilation of pancreatic ducts

43
Q

imaging result of chronic pancreatitis

A

calicfcation

44
Q

signs of chronic pancreatitis

A

jaundice, indigestion, recurrent abdominal or back pain

45
Q

long term effects of chronic pancreatitis

A

DM, chronic malabsorption, severe chronic pain, cancer

46
Q

common anecedent of pancreatic carcinoma

A

panceratic intraepithelelal neoplasias

47
Q

most frequent ocogene in pancreatic cancer

A

KRAS

48
Q

stongest enviromental risk of pancreatic cancer

A

smoking

49
Q

most common site of pancreatic carcinoma

A

head

50
Q

most common type of pancreatic carcinoma

A

ductal adenocarcinoma

51
Q

desoplastic resonse

A

reaction to pancreatic carcinoma constiting of fibroblasts, lymphocytes, and extracelllar matrix

52
Q

site of pancreatic carcinoma that tends to be silernt

A

body and tail

53
Q

presentatin of pancreatic carcinoma

A

jaundice
weight los
anorexia
malaise and weakness

54
Q

spotting sign of pancreatic carcinoma

A

migratory thrombophebitis

55
Q

lab test used in pancreatic carcinoma

A

CA19-9

GI (22 decks)

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