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GI cancer Flashcards

Describe the most common benign and malignant tumors of the esophagus including causes, associations, pathogenesis and appearances Describe the most common benign and malignant tumors of the stomach including causes, associations, pathogenesis and appearances Describe the role H. pylori infection plays in carcinogenesis Describe the most common benign and malignant tumors of the small bowel including causes, associations, pathogenesis and appearances Describe the most common benign and mal

1
Q

benign tumor of esophageal smooth muscle

A

leiomyoma

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2
Q

most common malignant neoplasm type worldwide

A

esophageal SSC

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3
Q

ethicity risk of esophageal SSC

A

blacks much more than whites

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4
Q

causes most cases of US esophageal SCC

A

EtOH and smoking

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5
Q

base pathologic cause of esophageal SCC

A

chronic esophagitis

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6
Q

intercellular bridges, prominent nuclei and kertinization suggest

A

SCC

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7
Q

most common site of esophageal SCC

A

middle 1/3 of esophagus

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8
Q

reason esophageal SCCs spread so rapidly

A

rich lymphatics in the submucosa promote extensive curcumferental and longitudinal spread

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9
Q

where adenocarcinoma of esophagus arises

A

distal esophagus

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10
Q

most common esophageal cancer in caucasians

A

adenocarcinoma

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11
Q

precursor to adencarcinoma of the esophagus

A

barrett’s esophagus

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12
Q

key step in development of esophageal adenocarcinoma

A

dysplasia (NOT METAPLASIA)

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13
Q

dysphagia with weight loss, bleeding, chest pain and vomiting after long term GERD

A

adenocarcinoma of esophagus

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14
Q

most common stomach cancer type

A

gastric carcinoma

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15
Q

main histological subgroups of gastric cancer

A

intestinal

diffuse infiltrative

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16
Q

gastric cancer most likely in older man

A

intestinal

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17
Q

gastric cancer in youger male or female

A

diffuse-infiltrative

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18
Q

risk factors involved in which stomach cancer

A

intestinal

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19
Q

risk factors in gastric cancer (intestinal type)

A

h pylori
high nitrate, salt, cured meat diet
low green leafy veg and citrus fruit

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20
Q

gastric carcinoma with precorsor lesions

A

intestinal

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21
Q

distended mucin “signet ring” cells

A

infiltrative gastric carcinoma

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22
Q

most common part of stomach in gastric carcinoma

A

pylorus and antrim

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23
Q

ulcer with rolled/heaped edges

A

gastric adenocarcinoma

24
Q

“water bottle” stomach

A

invasive type gastric carcinoma

25
Q

most important progostic determinant of gastric carcinoma

A

depth of invasion

26
Q

weight loss, abdominal pain, anorexia, vomiting, altered bowel habits

A

gastric carcinoma

27
Q

sentinal sign of gastric cancer

A

virchow (supraclavicular) node

28
Q

sign that gastric cancer may have returned

A

sister mary joseph node (subcutaneous periumbilicle nodule)

29
Q

gastric met to ovaries called

A

krukenberg tumor

30
Q

most common malignant tumor of small bowel

A

duodenal adenocarcinoma

31
Q

before this age, a colon cancer should be considered possible a UC or polyposis syndrome

A

50

32
Q

dietary risk factors for colon cancer

A

high fat/low fiber

less A,C,E vitamins

33
Q

anemia with weakness and fatigue

A

right colon cancer

34
Q

occult bleeding, changes in bowek habits, crampy abdominal discomfort

A

left colon cancer

35
Q

worse location t get colon cancer

A

left

36
Q

grow as exophytic masses

A

right colon cancer

37
Q

does not commonly obstruct

A

right colon cancer

38
Q

greater microsatellite instability

A

right colon cancer

39
Q

annular encirculing lesions with ulcerated midsection

A

left colon cancer

40
Q

most important prognostic indicator of colon cancer

A

extent of tumor at diagnosis

41
Q

two colo-rectal cancer molecular pathways

A

APC/Beta catenin

microsattellite instability pathway

42
Q

transcription factor in nucleus that regulates proliferation/apoptosis

A

B catenin

43
Q

80% of colon cancers have inactivated

A

APC

44
Q

most freqently activated oncogene in colon cancer

A

K-RAS

45
Q

common in colon cancer but infrequent in ademomas

A

loss of p53

high telomerase activity

46
Q

germ-line mutation of cancer supression gene

A

APC

47
Q

protooncogene mutation

A

K-RAS

48
Q

loss of additonal cancer supresor gene in adenoma

A

p53

49
Q

telemorase found in

A

carcinoma

50
Q

defective DNA repair casued by inactivation of DNA mismatch repair genes

A

microsatellite instability

51
Q

causes HNPCC syndrome

A

microsatellite instability

52
Q

colon cancer pathway with better prognosis

A

microsatellite instability

53
Q

most common site of carcinoid tumor

A

appendix

54
Q

secretion of many different active bioactive hormones

A

carcinoid syndrome

55
Q

yellow or tan tumors arising just below the mucosa

A

carcinoid tumors

56
Q

salt and peper nuclei

A

carcinoid tumor

57
Q

50% will go away if h pylori is removed

A

gastric MALT timor

GI (22 decks)

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