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Describe the most common benign and malignant tumors of the esophagus including causes, associations, pathogenesis and appearances Describe the most common benign and malignant tumors of the stomach including causes, associations, pathogenesis and appearances Describe the role H. pylori infection plays in carcinogenesis Describe the most common benign and malignant tumors of the small bowel including causes, associations, pathogenesis and appearances Describe the most common benign and mal

1
Q

benign tumor of esophageal smooth muscle

A

leiomyoma

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2
Q

most common malignant neoplasm type worldwide

A

esophageal SSC

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3
Q

ethicity risk of esophageal SSC

A

blacks much more than whites

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4
Q

causes most cases of US esophageal SCC

A

EtOH and smoking

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5
Q

base pathologic cause of esophageal SCC

A

chronic esophagitis

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6
Q

intercellular bridges, prominent nuclei and kertinization suggest

A

SCC

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7
Q

most common site of esophageal SCC

A

middle 1/3 of esophagus

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8
Q

reason esophageal SCCs spread so rapidly

A

rich lymphatics in the submucosa promote extensive curcumferental and longitudinal spread

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9
Q

where adenocarcinoma of esophagus arises

A

distal esophagus

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10
Q

most common esophageal cancer in caucasians

A

adenocarcinoma

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11
Q

precursor to adencarcinoma of the esophagus

A

barrett’s esophagus

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12
Q

key step in development of esophageal adenocarcinoma

A

dysplasia (NOT METAPLASIA)

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13
Q

dysphagia with weight loss, bleeding, chest pain and vomiting after long term GERD

A

adenocarcinoma of esophagus

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14
Q

most common stomach cancer type

A

gastric carcinoma

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15
Q

main histological subgroups of gastric cancer

A

intestinal

diffuse infiltrative

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16
Q

gastric cancer most likely in older man

A

intestinal

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17
Q

gastric cancer in youger male or female

A

diffuse-infiltrative

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18
Q

risk factors involved in which stomach cancer

A

intestinal

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19
Q

risk factors in gastric cancer (intestinal type)

A

h pylori
high nitrate, salt, cured meat diet
low green leafy veg and citrus fruit

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20
Q

gastric carcinoma with precorsor lesions

A

intestinal

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21
Q

distended mucin “signet ring” cells

A

infiltrative gastric carcinoma

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22
Q

most common part of stomach in gastric carcinoma

A

pylorus and antrim

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23
Q

ulcer with rolled/heaped edges

A

gastric adenocarcinoma

24
Q

“water bottle” stomach

A

invasive type gastric carcinoma

25
most important progostic determinant of gastric carcinoma
depth of invasion
26
weight loss, abdominal pain, anorexia, vomiting, altered bowel habits
gastric carcinoma
27
sentinal sign of gastric cancer
virchow (supraclavicular) node
28
sign that gastric cancer may have returned
sister mary joseph node (subcutaneous periumbilicle nodule)
29
gastric met to ovaries called
krukenberg tumor
30
most common malignant tumor of small bowel
duodenal adenocarcinoma
31
before this age, a colon cancer should be considered possible a UC or polyposis syndrome
50
32
dietary risk factors for colon cancer
high fat/low fiber | less A,C,E vitamins
33
anemia with weakness and fatigue
right colon cancer
34
occult bleeding, changes in bowek habits, crampy abdominal discomfort
left colon cancer
35
worse location t get colon cancer
left
36
grow as exophytic masses
right colon cancer
37
does not commonly obstruct
right colon cancer
38
greater microsatellite instability
right colon cancer
39
annular encirculing lesions with ulcerated midsection
left colon cancer
40
most important prognostic indicator of colon cancer
extent of tumor at diagnosis
41
two colo-rectal cancer molecular pathways
APC/Beta catenin | microsattellite instability pathway
42
transcription factor in nucleus that regulates proliferation/apoptosis
B catenin
43
80% of colon cancers have inactivated
APC
44
most freqently activated oncogene in colon cancer
K-RAS
45
common in colon cancer but infrequent in ademomas
loss of p53 | high telomerase activity
46
germ-line mutation of cancer supression gene
APC
47
protooncogene mutation
K-RAS
48
loss of additonal cancer supresor gene in adenoma
p53
49
telemorase found in
carcinoma
50
defective DNA repair casued by inactivation of DNA mismatch repair genes
microsatellite instability
51
causes HNPCC syndrome
microsatellite instability
52
colon cancer pathway with better prognosis
microsatellite instability
53
most common site of carcinoid tumor
appendix
54
secretion of many different active bioactive hormones
carcinoid syndrome
55
yellow or tan tumors arising just below the mucosa
carcinoid tumors
56
salt and peper nuclei
carcinoid tumor
57
50% will go away if h pylori is removed
gastric MALT timor

GI (22 decks)

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