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anti helminthic/protozoal drugs Flashcards

1. List the prototype drugs used to treat helminth infections, describe their mechanism of action, their clinical activity, and list their major side effects. 2. List the prototype drugs used to treat amebiasis, describe their clinical activity and their mechanism of action, and list their significant side effects. 3. List the prototype drugs used to treat giardiasis, leishmaniasis, trypanosomiasis and trichomoniasis infections, describe their mechanism of action and clinical activity, and lis

1
Q

Drugs against nematodes (roundworms)

A 
albendazole
Diethylcarbamazine
ivermectin
mebendazole
pyrantel
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2
Q

drugs active against tremadotes (flukes)

A

praziquentel
bithionol
metrifonate
oxaniquine

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3
Q

drugs against cestodes (tapeworms)

A

nilosamine
praziquentel
albendazole
mebendazole

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4
Q

DOC for tapeworms

A

niclosamide

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5
Q

MOA of niclosamide

A

uncoupling of oxidasive phosphorylation, or by activating ATPases

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6
Q

result of niclosamide

A

detachment of bug from intestinal wall and evacuation

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7
Q

SE of niclosamide

A

slight abdominal discomfort

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8
Q

niclosamide will not work on

A

ova

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9
Q

way to remove tapeworm ova from GI

A

purging of tract, drugs will not usually kill

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10
Q

DOC for cestode AND trematode

A

praziquantil

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11
Q

MOA of praziquantil

A

increases permability of worm cell membrane to Ca++ ions.

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12
Q

results of praziquantil

A

massive contracture of worm body and impairs it’s ability to attach to intestinal wall

At high doses, can activate host immune reponse

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13
Q

SE of V

A

abdominal discomfort, fever, sedation, headache

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14
Q

anti-hemlith that has extensive first-pass metabilism

A

praziquantil

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15
Q

DOC for roundworms

A

-dazoles

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16
Q

very wide spectrum -dazole (nematodes and cestodes)

A

albendazole

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17
Q

MOA of albendazole

A

larvicidal effect due to inhibition of microtubule activity

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18
Q

SE of albendazole

A

reversible leukopenia, alopecia, eleveted liver enzymes, bone marrrow suppression in LTT

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19
Q

DOC for most GI nematodes

A

mebendazole

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20
Q

MOA for mebendazole

A

inhibition of hemlitnth glucose uptake, inhibition of microtuble polymerization

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21
Q

drug that lethal effect extends to adults and ova

A

mebendazole

22
Q

DOC for pinworms

A

mebendazole

23
Q

drug given to all household members

A

mebendazole for pinworm

24
Q

SE of mebendazole

A

abdominal disomfort, diarrhea

25
Q

why does mebendazole have a large conentration in the colon

A

very poorly absorbed by SI

26
Q

contraindicated in pregancy

A

mebendazole, pyrantel pamoate, metronidazole

27
Q

ALt drug for nematodes

A

thiabendazole

28
Q

MOA for thiabendazole

A

inhibition of glucose uptake, AND inhibition of fumarate reductase (needed for anaerobic metabolism)

29
Q

larve that are not affected by thiabendazole

A

trichnella spiralis (porkworm) in muscle

30
Q

causes stevens-johnson syndrome

A

thiabendazole

31
Q

SE of thiabendazole

A

N/V, diarrhea, vertigo, crystalluria, leukopenia, SSJ

32
Q

major use for thiabendazole

A

creeping skin eruptions with strongylodies sercoralis

33
Q

DOC for hookworm and roundworm

A

pyrantel pamoate

34
Q

MOA of pyrantel pamoate

A

depolarises the myneural junction of helmith muscle

35
Q

results of pyrantel pamoate

A

spastic paralysis in porkworm

36
Q

SE of pyrantel pamoate

A

GI sx, fever, CNS effects

37
Q

contraindicated in kids less than 1 yr of age

A

pyrantel pamoate

38
Q

used with pyrantel pamoate

A

piperazine

39
Q

use of piperazine

A

Alt drug for nematodes

40
Q

contraindications of piperazine

41
Q

DOC for O vululus (river blindness) and S stercoralis (threadworm)

42
Q

treatment for urinary shistosomiasis in africa

A

metrifonate

43
Q

DOC for sheep liver fluke

44
Q

DOC for trichomoniasis, SI and Hepatic amebiasis and giardiasis

A

metronidazole

45
Q

MOA of metronidazole

A

functions as electron sink in protazoa, ROS then disrupts DNA

46
Q

contraindications of metronidazole

A

alchohol use, CNS disease, preggers

47
Q

IV or sub Q alt drug for amebiasis

A

emetine and dehydroememtine

48
Q

used for acute chagas

A

nifurtimox

49
Q

DOC for leishmaniasis

A

sodium stibogluconate

50
Q

onlyeffective drug for crypto

A

nitazoxanide

51
Q

MOA of nitazoxanide

A

interferes with pyruvate enzyme deoendant electron transfer

GI (22 decks)

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