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anti helminthic/protozoal drugs Flashcards

1. List the prototype drugs used to treat helminth infections, describe their mechanism of action, their clinical activity, and list their major side effects. 2. List the prototype drugs used to treat amebiasis, describe their clinical activity and their mechanism of action, and list their significant side effects. 3. List the prototype drugs used to treat giardiasis, leishmaniasis, trypanosomiasis and trichomoniasis infections, describe their mechanism of action and clinical activity, and lis

1
Q

Drugs against nematodes (roundworms)

A 
albendazole
Diethylcarbamazine
ivermectin
mebendazole
pyrantel
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2
Q

drugs active against tremadotes (flukes)

A

praziquentel
bithionol
metrifonate
oxaniquine

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3
Q

drugs against cestodes (tapeworms)

A

nilosamine
praziquentel
albendazole
mebendazole

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4
Q

DOC for tapeworms

A

niclosamide

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5
Q

MOA of niclosamide

A

uncoupling of oxidasive phosphorylation, or by activating ATPases

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6
Q

result of niclosamide

A

detachment of bug from intestinal wall and evacuation

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7
Q

SE of niclosamide

A

slight abdominal discomfort

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8
Q

niclosamide will not work on

A

ova

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9
Q

way to remove tapeworm ova from GI

A

purging of tract, drugs will not usually kill

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10
Q

DOC for cestode AND trematode

A

praziquantil

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11
Q

MOA of praziquantil

A

increases permability of worm cell membrane to Ca++ ions.

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12
Q

results of praziquantil

A

massive contracture of worm body and impairs it’s ability to attach to intestinal wall

At high doses, can activate host immune reponse

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13
Q

SE of V

A

abdominal discomfort, fever, sedation, headache

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14
Q

anti-hemlith that has extensive first-pass metabilism

A

praziquantil

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15
Q

DOC for roundworms

A

-dazoles

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16
Q

very wide spectrum -dazole (nematodes and cestodes)

A

albendazole

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17
Q

MOA of albendazole

A

larvicidal effect due to inhibition of microtubule activity

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18
Q

SE of albendazole

A

reversible leukopenia, alopecia, eleveted liver enzymes, bone marrrow suppression in LTT

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19
Q

DOC for most GI nematodes

A

mebendazole

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20
Q

MOA for mebendazole

A

inhibition of hemlitnth glucose uptake, inhibition of microtuble polymerization

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21
Q

drug that lethal effect extends to adults and ova

A

mebendazole

22
Q

DOC for pinworms

A

mebendazole

23
Q

drug given to all household members

A

mebendazole for pinworm

24
Q

SE of mebendazole

A

abdominal disomfort, diarrhea

25
why does mebendazole have a large conentration in the colon
very poorly absorbed by SI
26
contraindicated in pregancy
mebendazole, pyrantel pamoate, metronidazole
27
ALt drug for nematodes
thiabendazole
28
MOA for thiabendazole
inhibition of glucose uptake, AND inhibition of fumarate reductase (needed for anaerobic metabolism)
29
larve that are not affected by thiabendazole
trichnella spiralis (porkworm) in muscle
30
causes stevens-johnson syndrome
thiabendazole
31
SE of thiabendazole
N/V, diarrhea, vertigo, crystalluria, leukopenia, SSJ
32
major use for thiabendazole
creeping skin eruptions with strongylodies sercoralis
33
DOC for hookworm and roundworm
pyrantel pamoate
34
MOA of pyrantel pamoate
depolarises the myneural junction of helmith muscle
35
results of pyrantel pamoate
spastic paralysis in porkworm
36
SE of pyrantel pamoate
GI sx, fever, CNS effects
37
contraindicated in kids less than 1 yr of age
pyrantel pamoate
38
used with pyrantel pamoate
piperazine
39
use of piperazine
Alt drug for nematodes
40
contraindications of piperazine
epilepsy
41
DOC for O vululus (river blindness) and S stercoralis (threadworm)
mectizan
42
treatment for urinary shistosomiasis in africa
metrifonate
43
DOC for sheep liver fluke
bithionol
44
DOC for trichomoniasis, SI and Hepatic amebiasis and giardiasis
metronidazole
45
MOA of metronidazole
functions as electron sink in protazoa, ROS then disrupts DNA
46
contraindications of metronidazole
alchohol use, CNS disease, preggers
47
IV or sub Q alt drug for amebiasis
emetine and dehydroememtine
48
used for acute chagas
nifurtimox
49
DOC for leishmaniasis
sodium stibogluconate
50
onlyeffective drug for crypto
nitazoxanide
51
MOA of nitazoxanide
interferes with pyruvate enzyme deoendant electron transfer

GI (22 decks)

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